Unveiling the Green Gold: A Comprehensive Review of Arthrospira Platensis's Botanical, Pharmacological and Biotechnological Aspects with Emphasis on Anti-Oxidant Activity

The microscopic blue-green microalgae Arthrospira platensis represents a fascinating intersection of nutritional science, ecological sustainability, and biomedical potential. This cyanobacterium transcends traditional nutritional paradigms, offering a complex biochemical profile that has captivated researchers across multiple scientific disciplines. Its remarkable composition encompasses an extensive array of bioactive compounds, including high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and extraordinary antioxidant molecules that demonstrate significant protective capabilities against oxidative stress and cellular damage. The botanical characteristics of A. platensis are equally compelling, with its unique filamentous structure and ability to thrive in alkaline environments highlighting its exceptional adaptive capabilities. Biochemically, this microalgae synthesizes an impressive spectrum of phytochemicals, including phycocyanin, β-carotene, and gamma-linolenic acid, which collectively contribute to its potent therapeutic properties. Emerging pharmacological research has unveiled its potential in modulating immune responses, mitigating inflammatory processes, demonstrating anticarcinogenic effects, and supporting metabolic regulation. Beyond its nutritional and medicinal significance, A. platensis emerges as a promising biotechnological platform. Its sustainable cultivation, minimal environmental footprint, and capacity for rapid biomass production position it as a critical resource in addressing global challenges related to food security, nutritional supplementation, and potentially revolutionary bioengineering applications. Innovative studies continue to explore its potential in nutraceutical development, bioremediation, and even advanced fields like biofuel production, underscoring its multifaceted scientific importance.