A Systematic Review on the Chemical Constituents of the Ginkgo Biloba L. and their Biological Activities

Ginkgo biloba, often called a "living fossil" due to its long history, displays singular botanical traits and remarkable hardiness, rendering it advantageous across decorative, environmental, and health-related contexts. Its complex composition, encompassing flavonoids, terpenoids, and other active substances like alkylphenols and proanthocyanidins, gives rise to numerous medicinal benefits, including antioxidant, brain-protective, inflammation-reducing, anticancer, and antiviral effects. Consistent extracts, such as EGb 761, have shown potential in managing various ailments, like Alzheimer's, heart conditions, and cancer. Yet, possible hazards like poisoning, sensitivities, and medication clashes necessitate careful and professionally guided administration. Continuous studies into Ginkgo biloba's genetic makeup, environmental flexibility, and healing qualities are essential to optimise its advantages while guaranteeing its protection and secure utilisation.