Indian Acquisition of Emerging Technologies: Exploring Response Options for Pakistan

Emerging technologies (ETs) in the military, including AI, Anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon systems, robotics, hypersonic, and cyber weapons, are dubbed “disruptive technologies” because of their potential to pose serious challenges to offensive strategic forces, nuclear command and control, and communications and intelligence systems. These technologies escalate crisis instability by increasing uncertainty. In South Asia, a region that already faces strategic instability, emerging technologies offer both opportunities and challenges. Their rapid integration into military and defence systems can significantly alter the balance of power. After 1998, nuclear deterrence became the core of Pakistan’s security policy; however, it is now challenged by India’s quest to acquire critical military technologies.