Optimizing Materials and Building Design for the Circular Economy in Bali: A Case Study of Architectural Projects

Through case studies of architectural projects, this article explores how Bali's circular economy is supported by the optimization of building materials and design. The circular economy seeks to increase resource reuse and reduce waste. This study examines architectural projects that incorporate circular economy concepts, like eco-friendly materials and adaptable modular design, using a case study methodology. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of project documents. The results show that recycled bamboo reduces carbon emissions by up to 40% and new materials by up to 50%, while recycled concrete reduces carbon emissions by 30% and new aggregates by 35%. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that flexible modular designs increase resource efficiency by 25% and decrease construction waste by up to 30%. Collaboration between governments, developers, and local communities is essential in supporting the successful implementation of circular economy principles. These findings guide architectural and engineering professionals to apply the circular economy concept, creating more sustainable and efficient buildings.