Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang et Zhu 2024, sp. n.

Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang et Zhu, sp. n. https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 8CE8539B-1361-4563-9B61-F8EE02ACF5A2 Figs 1A–C, 2A–C, 3A,B, 4A–D, 5A–D, 6A–I, 8A,B, 9A–C, 10 Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang & Zhu, 2017: 55 (nomen nudum). TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: ♂, China: Hunan: Hongjiang City, Xuefengshan Nature Reserve, Subaoding, 1900 m, 6.VI 2016, Bi-Sheng Zhan leg. (BITS). Paratypes: 9♂, 4♀, same data as holotype except 3.VII 2017, Bi-Sheng Zhan & Xiang Zhu leg. (CBSZ). DIAGNOSIS. Male. Labrum ligulate; head (Figs 1A–C) with anterior ridge evenly elevated and lateral ridges distinctly protruded; major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth that not continued to mandibular base; protibia with 15–18 small teeth along outer margin; abdominal tergite VIII (Figs 4A, C) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII (Figs 4B, D) with large membranous area in median; ventral plate of segment IX (Figs 5A, C) with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion; aedeagus with ventral plate (Figs 6A, F) at apical end of basal piece long, paramere apex (Figs 6C, H) weakly upcurved, penis (Figs 6A, F) short but wide (about 3/5 length of parameres), flagellum (Figs 6D, G, H) more than twice as long as parameres, flagellum apex (Figs 6E, I) weakly enlarged. Female. Pronotum (Fig. 3A) widest behind middle; elytra (Fig. 3A) clothed with fine pubescence; protibial apex (Fig. 3A) with basal branch much more expanded; abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 8A) with poorly-defined lateral angles; hemisternite (Figs 9A, B) moderately wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long; spermatheca (Fig. 9C) with proximal part slender and turned dorsally, spermathecal duct (Fig. 9A) about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca, spermathecal gland (Fig. 9A) cystiform. DESCRIPTION. Male (holotype). Large size, body 51.9 mm long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (6.9): mandible (21.1): pronotum (6.0): elytra (18.5); width (mm): head (13.5): pronotum (10.8): elytra (12.8). Habitus (Figs 1C; 2C). Color mainly blackish brown on both dorsal and ventral sides; elytra reddish brown; ventral sides of profemora, both dorsal and ventral sides of meso- and metafemora with transverse reddish stripes. Body clothed with fine, recumbent, yellowish pubescence, but markedly longer and denser on metasternum. Head (Fig. 1C). Form transverse. Anterior ridge clearly defined and evenly elevated. Lateral ridges distinctly protruded, forming rounded lateral corners. Clypeolabrum fused with frons, not defined by transverse suture, about 1.4 times as long as wide; labrum ligulate, lacking dorsal branch, simply rounded at apex. Mandible about 3.0 times as long as head, markedly incurved at basal 1/3, then straight to apex; apical fork with upper branch markedly longer than lower branch; major inner tooth slender and longer than mandibular width, preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth that not continued to mandibular base. Antennal club with four antennomeres; antennomere 7 slender and sharply pointed apically; antennomeres 8–10 lamellate. Legs (Fig. 1C). Protibia continuously serrated along outer margin, with 15–18 small teeth of different sizes; apex bifurcate with branches somewhat sharp at tips. Except apical spurs and spines, mesotibia with 3 small lateral spines and metatibia with 2 ones. Male terminalia and genitalia. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 4C) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII (Fig. 4D) with large membranous area in median. Ventral plate of segment IX (Fig. 5C) with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion. Aedeagus (Fig. 6G) about 2.4 times as long as wide in dorsal view. Basal piece oblong in dorsal view, nearly 1.7 times as long as parameres, with paired sclerotized dorsal plates; ventral plate (Fig. 6F) at apical end of basal piece long, well sclerotized, widely emarginate at apical margin. Paramere with wide basal process; apex (Fig. 6H) weakly upcurved. Penis (Fig. 6F) short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres. Flagellum (Figs 6G, H) long, more than twice as long as parameres, apex (Fig. 6I) weakly enlarged. Male paratypes (Figs 1A, B; 2A, B). Body 49–57 mm long. Variation. Color: Transverse reddish stripes on ventral sides of profemora, both dorsal and ventral sides of meso- and metafemora variable, absent (Fig. 2B), narrowed (Fig. 2A), or broadened (Fig. 2C). In large-sized males, apical fork of mandible more opened, number of inner teeth more, clypeolabrum longer, anterior ridge of head well elevated, lateral ridges of head distinctly protruded; while in small-sized males, apical fork of mandible less opened, number of inner teeth fewer, clypeolabrum shorter, anterior ridge of head weakly elevated, lateral ridges of head weakly protruded. Female paratype. Body 31.0 mm long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (3.3): mandible (3.0): pronotum (6.0): elytra (16.7); width (mm): head (7.9): pronotum (10.5): elytra (11.7). Habitus (Figs 3A, B). Color almost entirely black on both dorsal and ventral sides. Body clothed with fine, recumbent, yellowish pubescence, but markedly longer and denser on metasternum. Head (Fig. 3A). Canthus with both anterior and posterior angles clearly defined; anterior angle inside of eye; lateral margin weakly concave. Anterior and lateral ridges absent. Clypeolabrum transverse, flat at apex, not protruding medially. Both mandibles with distinct dorsal teeth; inner tooth of right mandible with broad and flat inner ridge; left mandible with 2 widely-separated inner teeth and small gap behind apex, inner margin between teeth long, weakly concave. Pronotum (Fig. 3A) 1.7 times as wide as long, widest behind middle; anterior angle rounded; lateral angles weakly defined; posterior angle obtuse. Legs (Fig. 3A). Protibial apex bifurcate, with basal branch much more expanded. Female terminalia and genitalia. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 8A) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII (Fig. 8B) with large membranous area in median. Hemisternite (Figs 9A–B) moderately wide, broadly rounded apically, with outer apex not produced beyond inner apex; inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long. Spermatheca (Fig. 9A) sclerotized, J-shaped; proximal part slender and turned dorsally (Fig. 9C). Spermathecal duct (Fig. 9A) long, about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca. Spermathecal gland (Fig. 9A) cystiform, shorter than spermatheca. Central conjunction of tergite IX protruded medially and narrowed at tip. FIELD OBSERVATIONS. Mating of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. in Xuefengshan Nature Reserve (Hunan) as shown in Fig. 10. ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is dedicated to Mr. Bi-Sheng Zhan (Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China), one of the collectors of this new species and an enthusiastic amateur entomologist. The name is a noun in the genitive case. DISTRIBUTION. China (Hunnan). REMARKS. This new species was assigned to the L. brivioi species group (sensu Zhan & Young, 2023). It well resembles L. brivioi Zilioli, 2003 in general appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters (L. brivioi in round brackets). Male: labrum ligulate (subtriangular), head with lateral ridges distinctly protruded (Figs 1A–C) (moderately protruded (Fig. 1D)), major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 (preceded by about 4–5 smaller teeth and followed by about 6–8), protibia with 15– 18 small teeth along outer margin (9–11 small teeth along outer margin), abdominal sternite VIII with large membranous area in median (Figs 4B, D) (without membranous area (Fig. 4F)), ventral plate of segment IX with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion (Figs 5A, C) (only with small membranous area in median of apical part (Fig. 5E)), penis short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres (Figs 6A, F) (long and slender, nearly as long as parameres (Fig. 7A)), flagellum more than twice as long as parameres (Figs 6D, G, H) (about 1.4 times as long as parameres (Figs 7A–C)). Female: elytra clothed with fine pubescence (Fig. 3A) (glabrous (Fig. 3C)), protibial apex with basal branch much more expanded (Fig. 3A) (weakly expanded (Fig. 3C)), hemisternite moderately wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long (Figs 9A–B) (hemisternite rather wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part short (Figs 9D–E)), spermatheca with proximal part slender and turned dorsally (Fig. 9C) (almost straight (Fig. 9F)), spermathecal duct about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca (Fig. 9A) (almost as long as spermatheca (Fig. 9D)), spermathecal gland cystiform (Fig. 9A) (vermiform (Fig. 9D)). This new species is similar to L. kraatzi Nagel, 1926, but it is easily to distinguish them by the combination of the following characteristics (L. kraatzi in round brackets). Male: labrum ligulate (subtriangular), head with anterior ridge evenly elevated and lateral ridges distinctly protruded (Figs 1A–C) (anterior ridge much more elevated in median and lateral ridges strongly protruded (Fig. 1E)), major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth (preceded by about 4 smaller teeth and followed by about 8 smaller teeth), protibia with 15–18 small teeth along outer margin (2–4 small teeth along outer margin), abdominal tergite VIII with poorly-defined lateral angles (Figs 4A, C) (with well-defined lateral angles (Fig. 4G)), sternite VIII with large membranous area in median (Figs 4B, D) (without membranous area (Fig. 4H)), ventral plate of segment IX with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion (Figs 5A, C) (without membranous area (Fig. 5G)), aedeagus with ventral plate at apical end of basal piece long (Figs 6A, F) (short (Fig. 7E)), paramere apex weakly upcurved (Figs 6C, H) (strongly upcurved (Fig. 7G)), penis short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres (Figs 6A, F) (long and slender, nearly as lon