GIS-based spatial distribution of potable water quality analysis of drinking water in District Kasur

The present study was carried out to evaluate the potable water quality of the district of Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. In this study, 100 water samples were collected in sterilized bottles (1000 ml) by using Global Positioning System (GPS) essentials from Kasur, Chunian, Pattoki, and Kot Radha Kishan of District Kasur Punjab, Pakistan. The water samples were immediately subjected to both physicochemical analysis and bacteriological examination of Klebsiella, E.coli, and Shigella. The data of all the tested samples indicated that pH examined from 6.52- 8.9, Electrical Conductivity (EC) from 600-4030μS/cm, Biochemical Oxygen Dissolve (BOD) from 1.2-3.4 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) from 170- 3070 ppm, Dissolve Oxygen (DO) from 4.56-7.9 mg/L, Cl from 100-480 mg/L and Temperature (T) from 23.5-25.5°C. These parameters exceeded the permissible limits for drinking water set by WHO and PSQCA. Colony Forming Unit (CFU) was found by using the Total Viable Count Method, which was found to be higher in Chunian at 3.800cfu/uL. The prevalence of isolated bacteria such as Klebsiella, E.coli, and Shigella was also recorded in 76 water samples by performing different biochemical tests. The conclusion revealed that the physiochemical and bacteriological quality of the water in these regions cannot be considered of good quality as it is highly turbid and unsafe for drinking purposes. Therefore, the water management committee must collaborate with other stakeholders to ensure proper purification and treatment of domestic water sources, underscoring the importance of collective action.