Comparative Evaluation of Bioethanol Potential of Selected Agro-Wastes obtained From a Farm in Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Abstract Agricultural wastes, often considered non-productive byproducts, may contain valuable substances. With growing environmental concerns over fossil fuel use and resource depletion, there is a shift toward renewable energy sources. This study investigated the proximate composition and bioethanol production potential of sweet potato peels, watermelon rinds, and doum palm shells obtained from a farm in Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Proximate analysis followed AOAC standard methods, and bioethanol production involved dilute H₂SO₄ hydrolysis (2 M) at 121°C for 15 minutes. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in proximate composition: carbohydrate content was highest in doum palm shells (67.18%), followed by sweet potato peels (51.32%) and watermelon rinds (32.57%). FTIR analysis confirmed key ethanol functional groups, with O-H, C-H, and C=O peaks. Fuel property analysis showed significant variations (P<0.05), except for specific gravity. Flash points were 55.20°C (SPP), 47.60°C (WMR), and 45.90°C (DPS), while boiling points were 73.60°C, 78.00°C, and 62.80°C, respectively. These results suggest that the studied agricultural wastes have potential as bioethanol sources, which could be blended with conventional fuels. Further research is recommended to evaluate their suitability for combustion engines. Keywords: Agricultural waste, Bioethanol, Fermentation, Proximate.