SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING DRUG SHORTAGES IN THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

Abstract Drug shortages remain a persistent and multifaceted challenge within the U.S. healthcare system, significantly undermining patient care and disrupting clinical operations. These shortages stem from a combination of factors, including manufacturing disruptions, quality control failures, and insufficient economic incentives for producing essential medications. This study addresses these systemic issues by evaluating strategic interventions aimed at enhancing pharmaceutical supply chain resilience. Methodologically, it synthesizes empirical data and theoretical insights from recent literature to propose actionable solutions. Key focus areas include inventory optimization, quality-based contracting, proactive demand forecasting, and the integration of digital technologies during public health emergencies. Additionally, the paper examines procurement models designed to incentivize sustained drug availability. The results highlight the critical role of coordinated policy responses, regulatory modernization, and transparent data-sharing mechanisms. Collectively, these findings contribute to a framework for building more agile, equitable, and reliable pharmaceutical supply chains that can mitigate future drug shortages and ensure consistent access to medicines across the U.S. healthcare landscape.