Isoniazid-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Young Female Patient Undergoing Antitubercular Therapy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a subset known as drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE). We report the case of a 24-year-old female presenting with fever, facial rash, and myalgia following three days of isoniazid therapy for tuberculous lymphadenitis. Laboratory findings revealed pancytopenia, elevated inflammatory markers and a positive ANA profile with anti-dsDNA and anti-histone antibodies. On the basis of these findings a diagnosis of isoniazid-induced SLE was made and Isoniazid was promptly discontinued. Patient was further managed with hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, and supportive therapy resulting in significant improvement. This case highlights the need for heightened awareness of DILE in patients undergoing antitubercular therapy. This case also emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe complications.