Unravelling Acne Vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Multimodal Management Strategies Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological disorders that afflict people in their adolescence, Acne vulgaris or simply known. As acne is a human skin disease characterized by skin with red skin (seborrhoea), blackhead and whiteheads (comedones), pinheads (papules), large papules (nodules), pimples and scarring. Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous unit characterized by the formation of open and closed comedons, papules, pustules, nodules and cyst. Acne affect skin having dense sebaceous follicle in area including face. Acne affects physiological status and social activities. The present review focuses on epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and management of acne with pharmaceutical dosage forms of oral and topical administrations. Various medicines for acne treatment include benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, anti-seborrheic medicine, sulphur and sodium sulfacetamide, anti-androgen medication, salicylic acid, hormonal treatment, alpha hydroxy acid, retinoids, azelaic acid, keratolytic soaps and nicotinamide. Currently laser and light devices and mirror subcision surgery have been also performed for acne treatment.