Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Sciences: An In-Depth Review from Historical Foundations to Future Innovations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in pharmaceutical sciences, revolutionizing drug discovery, diagnostics, manufacturing, and personalized medicine. This review explores the historical evolution of AI, its significance in pharmaceutical fields, and its applications in medical devices, diagnostics, manufacturing operations, and research and development (R&D) of dosage forms. Supported by deep scientific literature and current approved inventions, this article also highlights future perspectives, emphasizing AI's potential to address global health challenges and improve patient outcomes.