International Responsibility (Definition, Pillars and Effects)

The issue of international responsibility is one of the important and closely related topics to the issue of justice and its achievement, from redress to the victims of the affected and holding accountable the parties who violate their international obligations and trying to repair the damage by restoring the situation to what it was or resorting to material compensation. It is, therefore, necessary to know what responsibility is, its elements and implications, and with the evolution of the concept of subjects of international law to include international organizations, specialized agencies, multinational bodies and companies and even private natural individuals, the difficulty of establishing and achieving responsibility for States and international organizations does not arise as much as it arises on other legal persons and entities such as multinational corporations, bodies and private individuals. Therefore, it was necessary to address the issue of the effects of liability after verifying its verification and the mechanisms for verifying the applicability of the elements of international responsibility to the relevant legal persons. Accordingly, international responsibility was addressed in terms of concept, definition and a statement of the elements of its establishment materially, morally and internationally, and the consequent effects of repairing the damage, whether in kind, by restoring the situation to what it was or resorting to material compensation if it is not possible to restore the situation to what it was, because of its impact on reducing violations of international law and achieving security and peace in the international community.