Comprehensive Evaluation and Multimodal Surgical Management of Poland Syndrome: Aesthetic and Functional Restoration Through Advanced Plastic Surgery Techniques

Poland Syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia, pectoralis major muscle agenesis, and variable ipsilateral upper limb anomalies. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from mild cosmetic deformities to severe functional impairments, necessitating individualized surgical correction. This article explores the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and contemporary plastic surgery interventions for PS, focusing on thoracic reconstruction, autologous and alloplastic augmentation, and ancillary procedures to restore symmetry and functionality. Emphasis is placed on the integration of implant-based techniques, fat grafting, muscle transfers (e.g., latissimus dorsi flap), and chest wall stabilization to address both aesthetic and structural deficits. Preoperative planning, patient selection, and postoperative outcomes are discussed, highlighting the role of multidisciplinary collaboration in optimizing long-term results.