Recent Development in Transdermal Microneedle Drug Delivery

The transdermal route is increasingly recognized as a valuable alternative to oral drug delivery, particularly for addressing limitations such as first-pass metabolism and inconsistent bioavailability. Drug administration through the skin has a long-established history, with microneedle arrays emerging as a promising advancement due to their capacity to bypass the stratum corneum while avoiding significant stimulation of sensory nerve endings. First-generation transdermal patches and second-generation iontophoretic systems have achieved successful commercialization; however, their applications remain largely confined to small, lipophilic molecules. To overcome these constraints, advanced enhancement methods—such as iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, and microneedle technology—have been developed, enabling effective delivery of hydrophilic and high molecular weight drugs across the skin. Microneedle-based delivery platforms are anticipated to play a pivotal role in future therapeutic administration because they are effective, minimally invasive, and cost-efficient. Current cosmeceutical applications include treatments for acne, hyperpigmentation, scars, and wrinkles, along with overall skin rejuvenation. This review summarizes recent developments in microneedle systems, aiming to provide valuable insights for emerging researchers and to encourage further advancements in this field.