Harpactopus (Harpactopus) F. Smith 1856

Identification key for species of subgenus Harpactopus Males 1. Arolia absent; labial palpomeres 2–4 extremely shortened, club-shaped (Fig. 5a, b); maxillar palpomere 6 inconspicuous (Fig. 6a, b); S6 with pair of teeth posterolaterally (Fig. 7a, b); placoids on F3–F6 broad, flat (Fig. 4d) (persicus group) ........ 2 – Arolia present; labial palpomeres 2–4 short, usual or elongate, not club-shaped; maxillar palpomere 6 conspicuous; S6 entire or angularly convex posterolaterally, without teeth; placoids on flagellomeres narrow or broad.......................... 3 2. Labial palpomere 1 elongate: 3–4 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomeres 2–4 (Fig. 5a); S6 with distinctly prominent teeth posterolaterally (Fig. 7a)............................................. P. (H.) persicus (Mocsáry) – Labial palpomere 1 short: 1–1.5 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomeres 2–4 (Fig. 5b); S6 with slightly prominent teeth posterolaterally (Fig. 7b)........................................... P. (H.) radoszkowskyi (Kohl) 3. Placoids on F3–F6 broad with medial line of setae (Fig. 4f); labial palpomere 2 most elongate (Fig. 5i); Australia (globosus group) ........................................................................ P. (H.) globosus (F. Smith) – Placoids on flagellomeres broad or narrow, not bold without medial line of setae................................... 4 4. S6 angularly convex posterolaterally (Fig. 7c, d); placoids on F3–F6 broad, flat (Fig. 4d); labial palpomeres 2–4 short (Fig. 5c, d) (macula group) .................................................................................... 5 – S6 entire; placoids on flagellomeres narrow, depressed; labial palpomeres 2–4 usual or elongate...................... 7 5. Scutum without appressed, silvery setae................................................ P. (H.) chobauti (Roth) – Scutum with appressed, silvery setae..................................................................... 6 6. Pronotum and vertex with appressed, silvery setae; wings dark or smoky.................... P. (H.) macula (Fabricius) – Pronotum and vertex without appressed, silvery setae; wings intensely dark with purple reflexes... P. (H.) funebris (Berland) 7. Wings dark; labial palpomeres distinctly elongate: palpomere 3 5 × as long as wide or longer (Fig. 5g, h); reccurent vein II of forewing interstitial with 1 st intersubmarginal vein or received by submarginal cell III at its basal angle (stschurowskii group) ................................................................................................... 8 – Wings yellow, dark or smoky; labial palpomeres usual: palpomere 3 3 × as long as wide (Fig. 5e, f); recurrent vein II of forewing received by submarginal cell III (crudelis group).................................................... 9 8. F3–F6 with placoids (Fig. 4c); face with appressed, silvery setae................ P. (H.) stschurowskii (Radoszkowski) – F3–F8 (in some specimens F3–F7) with placoids (Fig. 4e); face without appressed, silvery setae................................................................................................ P. (H.) melanotus (F. Morawitz) 9. Wings yellow or dark; body black....................................................................... 10 – Wings smoky or slightly yellowish basally; body brownish................................................... 14 10. Propodeal enclosure with black setae not concealing integument; body length often smaller, up to 18 mm .............. 11 – Propodeal enclosure with long, dense, hairlike black setae moderately concealing integument; body length often larger, more than 18 mm ........................................................................................ 12 11. F3–F6 with placoids (Fig. 4c); S4–S6 without long black setae........................ P. (H.) subfuscatus (Dahlbom) – F3–F4 with placoids (Fig. 4b); S4–S6 with long black setae apically........................ P. (H.) saevus (F. Smith) 12. Wings dark...................................................................... P. (H.) indus (Linnaeus) – Wings yellow....................................................................................... 13 13. F3–F5 with placoids (Fig. 4a); mesopleuron ventrally rugose............................. P. (H.) crudelis (F. Smith) – F3–F4 with placoids (Fig. 4b); mesopleuron ventrally smooth and shiny with sparse punctures.................................................................................................. P. (H.) judaeus (de Beaumont) 14. North Africa...................................................................... P. (H.) reymondi (Roth) – Iran ...................................................................... P. (H.) zarudnyi (Gussakovskij) Females 1. Arolia absent; tarsal rake with short, stout, bladelike setae; labial palpomeres 2–4 extremely shortened, club-shaped (Fig. 5a, b); maxillar palpomere 6 inconspicuous (Fig. 6a, b) (persicus group) ........................................... 2 – Arolia present; tarsal rake with long bladelike and hairlike setae; labial palpomeres 2–4 short, usual or elongate, not club-shaped; maxillar palpomere 6 conspicuous................................................................. 3 2. Labial palpomere 1 elongate: 3–4 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomere 2–4 (Fig. 5a); scutum with appressed, silvery setae and thick, black, erect setae............................................. P. (H.) persicus (Mocsáry) – Labial palpomere 1 short: 1–1.5 × as long as combined length of club-shaped palpomere 2–4 (Fig. 5b); scutum with black erect setae, without appressed, silvery setae............................................. P. (H.) radoszkowskyi (Kohl) 3. Clypeus with U-shaped median notch (Fig. 1); recurrent vein II of forewing received by submarginal cell III; labial palpomeres 2–4 usual (Fig. 5e, f); wings yellow, dark or smoky (crudelis group) ............................................ 4 – Clypeus entire, slightly emarginate anteriorly; labial palpomeres 2–4 short or elongate; wings dark, smoky, or dark with purple reflexes........................................................................................... 10 4. Wings yellow or dark; body black........................................................................ 5 – Wings smoky or slightly yellowish basally; body brownish.................................................... 9 5. Head and mesosoma with dark setae; propodeal enclosure with long, dense, hairlike black setae; tarsal rake of foreleg with long, stout, bladelike and some hairlike setae................................................................... 7 – Head and mesosoma with pale setae; propodeal enclosure without long, dense, black setae, only with sparse light setae; tarsal rake of foreleg only with some long, stout, bladelike setae.................................................... 6 6. Mandible black; Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions........................ P. (H.) subfuscatus (Dahlbom) – Mandible reddish mesally; Australasian region......................................... P. (H.) saevus (F. Smith) 7. Wings dark...................................................................... P. (H.) indus (Linnaeus) – Wings yellow........................................................................................ 8 8. Mesopleuron ventrally rugose; larger: 24–35 mm ...................................... P. (H.) crudelis (F. Smith) – Mesopleuron ventrally smooth and shiny with sparse punctures; smaller: up to 24 mm ...... P. (H.) judaeus (de Beaumont) 9. North Africa...................................................................... P. (H.) reymondi (Roth) – Iran ...................................................................... P. (H.) zarudnyi (Gussakovskij) 10. Labial palpomeres 2–4 short (Fig. 5c, d) (macula group) .................................................... 12 – Labial palpomeres 2–4 elongate (Fig. 5g, h, i)............................................................. 11 11. Mandible reddish; labial palpomere 2 most elongate (Fig. 5i); tarsal rake of foreleg with long, hairlike setae and short, stout, bladelike setae; Australia (globosus group) ........................................... P. (H.) globosus (F. Smith) – Mandible black; labial palpomere 2–4 elongate (Fig. 5g, h); tarsal rake of foreleg with long, bladelike and numerous long, fine, hairlike setae; Palaearctic (stschurowskii group)........................................................... 14 12. Scutum without appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8a)........................................ P. (H.) chobauti (Roth) – Scutum with appressed, silvery setae.................................................................... 13 13. Pronotum and vertex with appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8c); wings dark or smoky............ P. (H.) macula (Fabricius) – Pronotum and vertex without appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8b); wings intensely dark with purple reflexes.............................................................................................. P. (H.) funebris (Berland) 14. Face, pronotum and scutum with appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8h)............... P. (H.) stschurowskii (Radoszkowski) – Face, pronotum and scutum without appressed, silvery setae (Fig. 8e)................. P. (H.) melanotus (F. Morawitz)