Estimating of the Levels of Some Biochemical Variables, Adipokines and Cytokines in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between age and body mass index (BMI) in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to estimate the concentration of sex hormones (Testosterone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)), as well as the concentration of adipokines (Adropin, Irisin, Visfatin, and Chemerin). Additionally, the study examines the association between PCOS and immune responses through the measurement of interleukins (IL-6 and IL-17). Methods: This study included 120 women, comprising 80 PCOS patients who visited Azadi Teaching Hospital from April to August 2024 and 40 healthy women as a control group. Hormonal and adipokine concentrations were measured and analyzed to identify significant differences between PCOS patients and healthy individuals. Results: The highest prevalence of PCOS was observed in the 26-35 years age group (57.5%), while the lowest prevalence was in the 15-25 years age group (13.75%). The average age of PCOS patients was 29.15±5.17 years. Regarding BMI, the highest prevalence was in the 30-35 kg/m² group (67.5%), whereas the lowest was in the 21-<25 kg/m² group (8.75%). Hormonal analysis revealed significantly lower FSH levels in PCOS patients, while Testosterone and LH levels were significantly higher compared to healthy individuals (P=0.001). Adipokine analysis indicated significantly lower levels of Adropin and significantly elevated levels of Irisin, Visfatin, and Chemerin in PCOS patients (P=0.001). Additionally, interleukin levels (IL-6 and IL-17) were significantly elevated in PCOS patients compared to healthy controls (P=0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights a strong association between PCOS and BMI, as well as alterations in sex hormone levels and adipokine concentrations. PCOS was also linked to increased immune responses, as evidenced by elevated interleukin levels. These findings suggest that metabolic and inflammatory factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Further research is recommended to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations.