EFFECTS OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION

t Assessment plays a crucial role in higher education by influencingstudents’ learning experiences, motivation, and academic performance. This articleexamines the effects of both formative and summative assessment, comparing theirimpact on student learning outcomes, engagement, and skill development. Througha review of relevant literature, the study highlights best practices in assessmentstrategies and suggests ways to integrate formative and summative assessmentseffectively to maximize student success. Two primary forms of assessment—formative and summative—serve distinct purposes within the educationalframework. Formative assessment is intended to monitor student learning andprovide ongoing feedback, while summative assessment evaluates student learningat the conclusion of an instructional period (Black & Wiliam, 1998). Understandingthe interplay between these assessment types is crucial for improving studentoutcomes and instructional effectiveness