Visual Outcomes and Epidemiological Insights of Childhood Cataract at Tertiary Eye Care Centre

Background and Aim: Visual impairment resulting from childhood cataract at an early age can significantly impact education, hinder personality development, and limit career opportunities. This study aims to deliver evidence-based insights into paediatric cataract in Indian population. Material and Methods: The study group for this analysis included individuals aged six months to sixteen years. Snellen’s Chart and Tellers Acuity cards were both used to assess and document the visual acuity of the individual. The posterior segment was assessed using indirect ophthalmoscopy, and a B-scan was conducted to address any media opacity that might hinder visibility. Phacoemulsification, posterior capsulorhexis, anterior vitrectomy, and primary intraocular lens implantation were the standard surgical procedures performed on all patients. A post-operative evaluation was conducted on postoperative day 1, one week, one month, and six months, if feasible. Results: The current study involved 80 paediatric patients, with a total of 120 eyes undergoing surgery in this analysis. The study included a total of 46 males and 34 females. Among the 80 patients assessed, 48 were found to have unilateral cataract, while 32 presented with bilateral cataract. The analysis of frequency and proportions of various types of cataracts was conducted across different age groups at the time of surgery. The highest incidence of congenital and traumatic cataracts was observed in the age group of 6 to 11 years, while developmental, complicated, and other cataracts were predominantly found in the 12 to 16 years age group. Conclusion: It is important to promote long-term follow-ups for parents by offering comprehensive counselling both prior to and following surgery within the community. This will enhance their comprehension of the seriousness of the disease and the potential outcomes following surgery.