Advanced Immunotherapy and Cell Therapy: Approaches for Solid Tumours

Introduction The field of cancer therapeutics is being revolutionized by immunotherapy and cell-based therapies, offering new hope for patients facing solid tumours that were previously difficult to treat. Traditional treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often have limited effectiveness and cause significant toxicity, highlighting the critical need for innovative strategies that can use the immune system to selectively target and eliminate cancer cells. 1 Immunotherapy harnesses the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy abnormal cells, providing the potential for long-lasting remissions and better patient outcomes.1 The success of immune checkpoint inhibitors and advancements in creating genetically modified immune cells have shifted the focus from treating the tumour itself to boosting the host's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Decades of research in T-Cell biology and tumour immunology have paved the way for cancer immunotherapy to move from a promising concept to a standard treatment for many types of tumors. Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy, including checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy, has shown long-lasting anti-tumour responses in patients with advanced-stage malignancies, even after conventional treatments have failed.1