Incidence and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections Along with Microbiological Profile in Obstetrics and Gynaecological Surgeries at Referral Hospital in Southern Gujarat

Aim: Surgical site infection is most common healthcare associated infection in rural hospital of developing countries. This study was carried out to estimate surgical site infection incidence rate among obstetric and gynaecological surgeries along with identification of most important risk factor and their microbiological profile in an Indian rural hospital. Method: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Referral Hospital, of southern Gujarat from August 2023 to July 2024. Surveillance for SSI was based on Centre for Disease Control (CDC) definition and methodology. Patients who developed inflammatory sign like pain, redness, wound gap, serous or pus discharge at surgical site was consider as SSI. Sample of wound swab collected & send to microbiology laboratory for culture and sensitivity report. Result: A total of 960 female underwent a surgical procedure during study period out of these 106 patients develop SSIs. Incidence of our study was 11.04%. Majority of SSI was superficial who only involve skin and superficial tissue. LSCS had highest rate of SSIs because compare to other surgeries total number of LSCS performed is more and LSCS is mostly done by trainee doctor. In gynaecological surgeries total abdominal hysterectomy had higher rate of SSIs followed by exploratory abdominal surgeries. Anaemia (34.90%) was the most common risk factor for SSIs, which were followed by obesity, previous scare, emergency surgery and diabetes. In our study, culture positive samples were 90 out of 106 wound swabs. Among 90 culture positive S. aureus (28%) was most commonly isolated, followed by E. coli and other gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: Among the different hospital acquired infections (HAIs), SSIs contribute major part. This study helps in identification of various risk factor in rural hospital of India and by eliminating this risk factor we can decrease SSIs significantly. By microbiological profile of this patients, we can decide prophylactic therapy of patients who is undergoing for surgery.