Valiguna siamensis

Valiguna siamensis (Martens, 1867) Figs 2, 3 B, 4 A, 5, 6, 7 A Vaginulus siamensis Martens, 1867: 68, pl. 5; fig. 3. Type locality: Petshaburi [Phetchaburi Province, Thailand]. Veronicella bocourti Rochebrune, 1882 b: 117. Type locality: Bangkok [Thailand]. Veronicella chaudoensis Rochebrune, 1882 a: 67. Type locality: Montagnes de Chadou [Chau Doc City, An Giang Province, Vietnam]. Veronicella titanotona Rochebrune, 1882 a: 68. Type locality: Spiglumi-Britton [Cochinchina]. Vaginulus reticulatus Westerlund, 1883: 49. Type locality: Galle [Sri Lanka]. Thomé 1984: 29–32, figs 1–7. Semperula bocourti: Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b: 44. Hoffmann 1925: 181. Semperula chaudoensis: Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b: 44. Hoffmann 1925: 181. Semperula titanotoma [sic]: Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b: 44 [misspelling]. Hoffmann 1925: 181. Semperula siamensis: Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 a: 388, 390–392. Grimpe and Hoffmann 1925 b: 17 –19, 44–47, fig. 8. Hoffmann 1925: 179–181, 256, 257, pl. 3, fig. 29, pl. 6, fig. 45 k 3, pl. 8, figs 58, 60, 61 a, 62, pl. 9, fig. 64, pl. 10, fig. 71, pl. 11, figs 78–80. Solem, 1966: 21. Hemmen and Hemmen 2001: 40. Valiguna siamensis: Gomes and Thomé 2004: 595, 596. Gomes et al. 2008: 164, 169, figs 13–18. Inkhavilay et al. 2019: 48, figs 19 b, 55 b. Sutcharit et al. 2020 a: 16, 17, fig. 3 d. Material examined. Laos: • Wat Oudom, Khamkeut, Bolikhamsai; 18 ° 10 ' 56.6 " N, 104 ° 59 ' 04.6 " E; CUMZ 16001. Myanmar: • Winner hotel, Kalaw, Shan; 20 ° 37 ' 40.4 " N, 96 ° 33 ' 28.1 " E; CUMZ 16002. Thailand: Chiang Rai: • Wat Tham Pha Mee, Mae Sai; 20 ° 32 ' 01.7 " N, 99 ° 52 ' 34.5 " E; CUMZ 16003; • Wat Tham Pha Chom, Mae Sai; 20 ° 26 ' 31.9 " N, 99 ° 52 ' 23.5 " E; CUMZ 16004; • Wat Pa Pha Mi, Mae Sai; 20 ° 24 ' 18.3 " N, 99 ° 51 ' 09.9 " E; CUMZ 16005; • Wat Tham Pum, Mae Sai; 20 ° 20 ' 54.1 " N, 99 ° 51 ' 37.9 " E; CUMZ 16006; • Wat Tham Pla Witthayakhom School, Mae Sai; 20 ° 19 ' 58.3 " N, 99 ° 51 ' 52.9 " E; CUMZ 16007; • Wat Tham Phra (Buddha Cave), Mueang Chiang Rai; 19 ° 55 ' 06.3 " N, 99 ° 47 ' 19.5 " E; CUMZ 16008; • Wat Tham Phra Pha Kok, Wiang Chai; 19 ° 52 ' 21.4 " N, 100 ° 02 ' 41.9 " E; CUMZ 16009; • Mae Lao Wildlife Breeding Center, Mae Lao; 19 ° 45 ' 57.6 " N, 99 ° 38 ' 12.6 " E; CUMZ 16010; • Wat Tham Phajarui, Pa Daet; 19 ° 34 ' 19.1 " N, 99 ° 59 ' 17.3 " E; CUMZ 16011; Chiang Mai: • Wat Tham Pha Phueng, Chai Prakan; 19 ° 44 ' 19.1 " N, 99 ° 05 ' 16.2 " E; CUMZ 16012; • Khun Mai Baan Suan Resort, Mae Ai; 20 ° 03 ' 46.7 " N, 99 ° 21 ' 31.6 " E; CUMZ 16013; • Wat Tham Tap Tao, Chai Prakan; 19 ° 39 ' 46.3 " N, 99 ° 07 ' 03.4 " E; CUMZ 16014; • Wat Tham Klaeb, Chiang Dao; 19 ° 33 ' 33.4 " N, 99 ° 03 ' 46.9 " E; CUMZ 16015; • Tham Chiang Dao, Chiang Dao; 19 ° 23 ' 38.3 " N, 98 ° 55 ' 43.2 " E; CUMZ 16016; • Homdoi Guesthouse, Samoeng; 18 ° 51 ' 04.5 " N, 98 ° 43 ' 37.4 " E; CUMZ 16017; • B-tel Chom Thong Resort, Chom Thong; 18 ° 26 ' 19.4 " N, 98 ° 40 ' 20.9 " E; CUMZ 16018; Lampang: • Tham Pha Thai, Ngao; 18 ° 36 ' 19.7 " N, 99 ° 53 ' 51.9 " E; CUMZ 16019; • Chao Por Pratu Pha Shrine, Mae Mo; 18 ° 30 ' 49.9 " N, 99 ° 49 ' 09.9 " E; CUMZ 16020; Lamphun: • Wat Pa Phai, Li; 17 ° 52 ' 22.6 " N, 98 ° 55 ' 26.8 " E; CUMZ 16021; • Wat Doi Daen, Ban Hong; 18 ° 21 ' 52.5 " N, 98 ° 45 ' 42.3 " E; CUMZ 16083; Phrae: • Huai Rong Waterfall, Rong Kwang; 18 ° 26 ' 31.6 " N, 100 ° 27 ' 00.9 " E; CUMZ 16022; Bueng Kan: • Wat Tham Pha Khao, Si Wilai; 18 ° 11 ' 27.3 " N, 103 ° 49 ' 59.9 " E; CUMZ 16023; • Wat Tham Phra Phu Wuua, Seka; 18 ° 08 ' 12.9 " N, 103 ° 59 ' 34.8 " E; CUMZ 16024; Loei: • Wat Tham Pha Baen, Chiang Khan; 17 ° 54 ' 24.6 " N, 101 ° 43 ' 28.5 " E; CUMZ 16025; • Wat Tham Pha Pu, Mueang Loei; 17 ° 34 ' 44.6 " N, 101 ° 42 ' 40.0 " E; CUMZ 16026; • Wat Thepnimitr, Phu Ruea; 17 ° 28 ' 03.3 " N, 101 ° 16 ' 32.7 " E; CUMZ 16027; • Wat Tham Erawan, Erawan; 17 ° 20 ' 43.5 " N, 102 ° 01 ' 07.3 " E; CUMZ 16028; • Wat Tham Pha Bing, Wang Saphung; 17 ° 14 ' 03.8 " N, 101 ° 44 ' 14.6 " E; CUMZ 16029; • Wat Tham Maholan, Nong Hin; 17 ° 06 ' 26.2 " N, 101 ° 52 ' 43.7 " E; CUMZ 16030; Nong Bua Lam Phu: • Wat Tham Suwannakhuha, Suwannakhuha; 17 ° 36 ' 29.2 " N, 102 ° 16 ' 57.1 " E; CUMZ 16031; • Wat Tham Pha Chor, Na Wang; 17 ° 18 ' 50.6 " N, 102 ° 07 ' 05.0 " E; CUMZ 16032; Sakon Nakhon: • Kham Hom Waterfall, Mueang Sakon Nakhon; 17 ° 07 ' 25.2 " N, 104 ° 01 ' 07.3 " E; CUMZ 16033; • Wat Tham Phu Pha Yon, Phu Phan; 16 ° 56 ' 28.4 " N, 104 ° 04 ' 27.5 " E; CUMZ 16034; Tak: • Taksin Maharat, Mueang Tak; 16 ° 46 ' 44.3 " N, 98 ° 55 ' 42.7 " E; CUMZ 16035; Phitsanulok: • Wat Ampharin Khuha (Tham Muang), Noen Maprang; 16 ° 30 ' 13.8 " N, 100 ° 41 ' 20.9 " E; CUMZ 16036; Nakhon Sawan: • Wat Thep Sathaporn, Banphot Phisai; 15 ° 54 ' 49.5 " N, 99 ° 53 ' 03.9 " E; CUMZ 16037; Khon Kaen: • Tham Phu Loop, Chum Phae; 16 ° 49 ' 48.6 " N, 101 ° 59 ' 07.8 " E; CUMZ 16038; • Khon Kaen University, Mueang Khon Kaen; 16 ° 28 ' 27.4 " N, 102 ° 49 ' 18.9 " E; CUMZ 16039; • Sawathi, Mueang Khon Kaen; CUMZ 16040; Buriram: • Socool Grand Hotel, Nang Rong; 14 ° 38 ' 12.5 " N, 102 ° 47 ' 27.4 " E; CUMZ 16041; • Wat Khao Phra Ang Khan, Chaloem Phra Kiat; 14 ° 32 ' 04.6 " N, 102 ° 50 ' 04.3 " E; CUMZ 16042; Chaiyaphum: • Tham Wua Daeng, Phakdi Chumphon; 16 ° 04 ' 35.2 " N, 101 ° 26 ' 23.9 " E; CUMZ 16043; Nakhon Ratchasima: • Wat Pa Mongkol Tham, Pak Thong Chai; 14 ° 42 ' 07.5 " N, 101 ° 47 ' 12.7 " E; CUMZ 16044; • Wat Tham Thep Nimit, Pak Chong; 14 ° 36 ' 14.4 " N, 101 ° 33 ' 59.1 " E; CUMZ 16045; • Soken Villa Khaoyai, Pak Chong; 14 ° 32 ' 06.7 " N, 101 ° 23 ' 37.4 " E; CUMZ 16046; Sa Kaeo: • Tham Khao Maka, Mueang Sa Kaeo; 13 ° 47 ' 16.5 " N, 101 ° 56 ' 53.8 " E; CUMZ 16047; • Wat Tham Thep Plub Plueng Thong, Wang Sombun; 13 ° 26 ' 56.9 " N, 102 ° 13 ' 02.9 " E; CUMZ 16048; • Tham Phet Pho Thong, Khlong Hat; 13 ° 24 ' 50.1 " N, 102 ° 19 ' 31.3 " E; CUMZ 16049; Chon Buri: • Wat Tham Khao Cha Ang On, Bo Thong; 13 ° 12 ' 33.5 " N, 101 ° 39 ' 05.6 " E; CUM 16050; • Wat Khao Cha Ang, Bo Thong; 13 ° 12 ' 00.9 " N, 101 ° 34 ' 54.6 " E; CUMZ 16051; Chanthaburi: • Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, Soi Dao; 13 ° 06 ' 15.0 " N, 102 ° 11 ' 39.5 " E; CUMZ 16052; • Palm plantation near Quan Yin shrine, Makham; 12 ° 43 ' 37.9 " N, 102 ° 08 ' 12.7 " E; CUMZ 16053; • Wat Laem Sadet, Tha Mai; 12 ° 34 ' 18.9 " N, 101 ° 53 ' 26.3 " E; CUMZ 16054; • Trok Nong Waterfall, Khlung; 12 ° 32 ' 39.6 " N, 102 ° 14 ' 13.6 " E; CUMZ 16055; Trat: • Trat 101 Hotel, Mueang Trat; 12 ° 14 ' 31.4 " N, 102 ° 30 ' 40.4 " E; CUMZ 16056; • Koh Chang, Koh Chang; 12 ° 03 ' 38.8 " N, 102 ° 19 ' 37.1 " E; CUMZ 16057; • Suanya Koh Kood resort & spa, Koh Kood; 11 ° 39 ' 58.9 " N, 102 ° 32 ' 05.6 " E; CUMZ 16058; Nakhon Nayok: • Ka Ang Waterfall, Ban Na; 14 ° 20 ' 35.0 " N, 101 ° 07 ' 53.0 " E; CUMZ 16059; Bangkok: • Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan; 13 ° 44 ' 15.5 " N, 100 ° 31 ' 48.9 " E; CUMZ 16060; Kanchanaburi: • Tham Khao Noi Bureau of Monks, Thong Pha Phum; 14 ° 41 ' 54.1 " N, 98 ° 31 ' 31.4 " E; CUMZ 16061; • Pilok, Thong Pha Phum; 14 ° 40 ' 16.3 " N, 98 ° 23 ' 04.1 " E; CUMZ 16086; • Tham Than Lot, Si Sawat; 14 ° 40 ' 17.3 " N, 99 ° 17 ' 19.1 " E; CUMZ 16062; • Wat Pa Tham Pha Dang, Thong Pha Phum; 14 ° 38 ' 43.6 " N, 98 ° 39 ' 31.8 " E; CUMZ 16063; • Srinakarin Dam, Si Sawat; 14 ° 24 ' 26.2 " N, 99 ° 07 ' 33.7 " E; CUMZ 16064; • Hellfire Pass, Sai Yok; 14 ° 22 ' 49.3 " N, 98 ° 55 ' 50.2 " E; CUMZ 16065; • Wat Pu Ta Khian, Sai Yok; 14 ° 17 ' 22.2 " N, 99 ° 00 ' 28.9 " E; CUMZ 16066; • Tham Krasae, Sai Yok; 14 ° 06 ' 18.8 " N, 99 ° 09 ' 59.6 " E; CUMZ 16067; Phetchaburi: • Wat Khao Bandai, Nong Ya Plong; 13 ° 14 ' 09.5 " N, 99 ° 41 ' 21.3 " E; CUMZ 16068; • Ban Aob Fha Resort, Kaeng Krachan; 12 ° 53 ' 55.4 " N, 99 ° 38 ' 54.8 " E; CUMZ 16069; Prachuap Khiri Khan: • Wat Tham Khao Mai Ruak, Thap Sakae; 11 ° 25 ' 43.0 " N, 99 ° 36 ' 18.5 " E; CUMZ 16070; Chumphon: • Tham Pisadan Monastery, Pathio; 10 ° 45 ' 35.6 " N, 99 ° 13 ' 47.5 " E; CUMZ 16071, 16072; • Tham Rub Ror, Tha Sae; 10 ° 37 ' 26.1 " N, 99 ° 06 ' 47.2 " E; CUMZ 16073; Ranong: • Tham Phra Khayang, Kra Buri; 10 ° 19 ' 36.6 " N, 98 ° 45 ' 53.1 " E; CUMZ 16074; • Baan Cueng Kao, Mueang Ranong; 9 ° 56 ' 36.4 " N, 98 ° 38 ' 01.7 " E; CUMZ 16084; Surat Thani: • Khao Sok Evergreen House, Phanom; 8 ° 54 ' 53.8 " N, 98 ° 32 ' 43.0 " E; CUMZ 16075; • Khao Sok River Home Resort, Phanom; 8 ° 51 ' 02.3 " N, 98 ° 42 ' 21.3 " E; CUMZ 16076; • Pa Dang, Chai Buri; 8 ° 29 ' 32.3 " N, 98 ° 58 ' 39.0 " E; CUMZ 16077; Krabi: • Wat Tham Prasat Nalakiring, Plai Phraya; 8 ° 33 ' 30.5 " N, 98 ° 51 ' 44.1 " E; CUMZ 16078; • Tham Khlang, Ao Luek; 8 ° 20 ' 17.8 " N, 98 ° 44 ' 43.9 " E; CUMZ 16079; Trang: • Wat Khao Lak Jan, Mueang Trang; 7 ° 42 ' 14.2 " N, 99 ° 43 ' 46.3 " E; CUMZ 16080; Satun: • Khao Toh Payawang, Mueang Satun; 6 ° 37 ' 39.4 " N, 100 ° 03 ' 43.1 " E; CUMZ 16085; Pattani: • Chabang Tiko, Mueang Pattani; 6 ° 51 ' 27.3 " N, 101 ° 15 ' 12.2 " E; CUMZ 16081, 16082. Diagnosis. Notum pale to dark brown with random tiny blackish spots and median dorsal line visible. Hyponotum and foot paler in colour, and with scattered pale blackish spots. Penis clavated with honeycomb-like glans; vas deferens opens at peak. Penial tubules consist of 19–29 long tubules and two short tubules. External characteristics. Preserved specimen. Notum pale to dark brown colour with scattered tiny blackish spots. Body elongated ovate, 24–77 mm (mean 48.9 ± 10.0 mm) long and 9–28 mm (mean 14.8 ± 3.8 mm) wide. Some specimens with larger blackish spots scattered along left and right sides of notum. Median dorsal line thin and narrow, and a paler colour than notum. Hyponotum varies from pale yellow to beige or pale brown and with scattered tiny pale blackish spots. Foot pale yellow to beige, and narrower (width 2.0–7.0 mm, mean 3.4 ± 1.0 mm) than right hyponotum width. Male genital pore located closed to base of right lower-tentacle. Female genital pore located approximately midway of body on right hyponotum (Figs 5 A, 6 A, D). Live specimen. Notum pale to