Investigating Challenges Affecting the Viability of Women and Youths' Entrepreneurship in Rural Constituencies in Zambia: A Case Study of Chibombo District in Central Province of Zambia

Entrepreneurship is universally recognized as a crucial catalyst for economic growth and development, yet women and youth in Zambia, particularly in rural areas, face significant barriers that hinder their entrepreneurial potential. This study focused on Chibombo District's Katuba and Keembe constituencies, exploring the socio-economic factors affecting women's and youth entrepreneurship's viability. Utilizing a mixed- methods approach, the research collected data from 169 entrepreneurs aged 18-45, as well as 6-12 key informants, through structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and four focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The study revealed that unemployment is the strongest motivator for entrepreneurship, with high mean scores in Katuba (3.98) and Keembe (3.89). Personal development and wealth accumulation also emerged as key drivers, particularly in Katuba, where personal wealth (mean = 3.61) and supportive government legislation (mean = 3.84) were emphasized. In contrast, social recognition ranked lowest in importance, with scores of 2.34 in Katuba and 2.48 in Keembe. Key obstacles included capital constraints, lack of knowledge and skills, and competition with larger enterprises, with mean scores in Katuba for these factors being 3.64 (SD = 1.248), 3.55 (SD = 1.396), and 3.44 (SD = 1.436) respectively. In Keembe, technology adoption (mean = 3.82, SD = 1.258) and business costs (mean = 3.51, SD = 1.250) were additional critical barriers. Support systems and policy measures varied across constituencies, including micro-.Loans, government grants, vocational training, and market access initiatives. However, socio-cultural factors like traditional gender roles and community biases were identified as significant barriers, limiting women’s business opportunities, and discouraging youth from entrepreneurship. Recommendations to address these challenges include targeted financial support, skills development, and socio-cultural interventions to enhance inclusivity and stimulate rural economic growth.