Gene Editing for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive impairment, memory loss, and significant functional decline. Current treatment strategies focus on symptom management but do not target the disease's underlying genetic and molecular causes. Gene editing, particularly the CRISPR-Cas9 system, has emerged as a transformative tool to modify genetic pathways implicated in AD, including those related to amyloid-beta accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms. This review discusses the potential applications of gene editing in AD treatment, preclinical advancements, challenges in implementation, and the ethical considerations surrounding this innovative therapeutic strategy.