Technological Advancements in Oral Sustained Release Drug Delivery Systems: From Matrix Tablets to 3D Printing and Artificial Intelligence

ABSTRACT: Oral sustained release (SR) drug delivery systems have revolutionized pharmaceutical technology by enhancing patient compliance, minimizing dosing frequency, and maintaining therapeutic drug levels for extended periods. Among the various SR systems, matrix tablets represent a well-established approach for achieving controlled drug release. This review highlights the evolution of oral SR systems with a particular focus on matrix tablets, the application of Quality by Design (QbD) in formulation development, and recent innovations including nanotechnology, 3D printing, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmaceutical research. Furthermore, the review discusses phytopharmaceutical complexes, semi-herbal formulations, and advanced techniques such as solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) for improving bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Regulatory perspectives and future trends in patient-centric drug design are also addressed. This comprehensive article aims to provide insights into the latest technological advancements that are shaping the future of oral SR drug delivery systems. Keywords: Oral sustained release, matrix tablets, QbD, nanotechnology, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, phytopharmaceuticals, solid lipid microparticles, personalized medicine