Fabrication of a Low Cost Solar Water Heater

The increasing demand for electricity, driven by rising consumption rates, has highlighted the need for efficient utilization of renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy. In India, where summer lasts approximately six months, solar energy presents a viable solution to partially meet electricity needs. This project focuses on the design, fabrication, and testing of a cost-effective solar water heater that employs a flat-plate collector made from mild steel, transparent fiber glazing, and either copper or plastic pipes to effectively harness solar energy for heating water. Performance evaluations of the developed system revealed its capability to elevate water temperatures from 25°C to 50°C within approximately 15 minutes under optimal conditions. The study also addresses challenges faced during the fabrication process, particularly in material forming and sealing. Conclusively, the research offers insights and recommendations for future enhancements aimed at optimizing the design and materials of the solar water heater, thereby improving its efficiency and durability for broader applications in renewable energy utilization.