IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CANCER PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

ABSTRACT This article presents a systematic review of the literature on the impact of physical exercise on the quality of life of cancer patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated that regular physical activity, particularly aerobic and resistance exercises, plays a crucial role in mitigating the adverse effects of cancer treatment, such as fatigue, depression, muscle mass loss (sarcopenia), and reduced cardiovascular function. Additionally, physical exercise significantly contributes to the rehabilitation of these patients, promoting muscle mass preservation, cardiovascular improvement, and enhanced functional capacity. These benefits directly impact quality of life, facilitating independence and the ability to perform daily activities. Specifically, strength training has been associated with preventing the loss of lean mass, while endurance training (aerobic exercise) is effective in improving cardiorespiratory capacity and reducing cancer-related fatigue. These exercise modalities also positively affect psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, which often impact patients during and after treatment. Furthermore, regular exercise is linked to a reduced risk of recurrence of certain types of cancer and improved overall prognosis, including survival rates. The article emphasizes that exercise prescription should be an integral part of oncology treatment and rehabilitation programs, necessitating the adaptation of exercise protocols to the individual capacities and conditions of each patient, considering factors such as cancer type, disease stage, and ongoing treatments. In conclusion, this review highlights that the implementation of well-structured and supervised physical exercise programs has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life and clinical outcomes of cancer patients, reinforcing the importance of integrating oncology with physical activity in the multidisciplinary care of patients .