Exploring the Relationship between Postoperative Obesity and Surgical Procedures in Iraqi Patients and Identifying Risk Factors for Postoperative Obesity in Iraqi Patients

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential complications that may arise following the surgical procedure, which was designed to increase the patient's body weight. Furthermore, the study identified risk factors by evaluating the logistic regression coefficient. Where The study involved 140 patients from Iraq's hospitals with obesity complications after surgery, categorized by age and gender. Written consent was obtained from all participants, and the research was conducted over a year from April 6th, 2023, to April 2nd, 2024. Obesity increases surgery duration and postoperative pain, affecting patients differently due to complex conditions. High sensitivity to pain management and early decision-making are crucial to prevent complications and readmissions. Patients at risk should receive a general condition overview before surgery. As obesity rates increase, it's essential to establish safe, non-surgical surgical techniques and establish protocols for postoperative pain relief. Postoperative surveillance guidelines can detect complications early and prevent hospital readmission. Patient characteristics, surgical methods, risks, and side effects were all included of the research. It uncovered variables like complexity, quality assurance, elective vs. emergency, open vs. laparoscopic, and confounding that impact surgical outcomes. Additionally, the study emphasized the significance of surgical divisions' need for specialized training and skill development. While obesity itself was not determined to be a risk factor, the presence of third-party accreditation and the appropriate infrastructure at centres of excellence where bariatric surgery is conducted frequently result in better outcomes. The overall infection rate was higher in the obese group, with a statistically significant relationship between BMI and comorbidities with postoperative outcomes. No significant differences were identified in other complications, length of hospital stay, or deaths. Additionally, this study found that patients who undergo colorectal surgery gradually become more obese as the procedures performed in obese patients are longer and higher rates of infectious complications are identified. The most influential risk factors in this study were BMI, medications prescribed post-surgery, fluid retention, and changes in dietary habits