Information and Communication Technologies Dissemination in Enhancing Crop Production Capacity: Moderating Role of Country Governance Index

Information and communication technology enhances crop production by providing farmers with real-time data, market insights, and efficient resource management tools. It raises innovation, improves productivity, and supports sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, the study objective was to test the impact of information and communication technology on crop production in GCC countries with a moderating effect on the country governance index. Longitudinal quantitative data were collected from six GCC countries from 2005 to 2024 from word development indicators. Unit root, panel cointegration, and panel ARDL statistical analysis were conducted to test the study hypothesis. The study results show the positive and significant influence of information and communication dimensions on crop production of GCC countries. Control variables also positively and statistically significantly influence crop production. Country governance also significantly strengthens the association of information and communication technology and crop production. Research with specific findings highlighted a need for the policymakers of GCC countries to invest in advanced information and communication technologies to enhance agricultural productivity. Strengthening governance frameworks could further optimize the impact of technology on crop production to sustain agricultural growth. This study as per the researchers’ knowledge is the first study that explored of role of the corporate governance index between information and communication technology and crop production in the GCC region. The research with this extended framework provides novel insights into how governance enhances the effectiveness of digital advancements in agriculture production.