Comparative Analysis of Traditional Formula 1 Combustion Engines and Modern Hybrid Power Units

Abstract Formula 1 (F1) cars are single seated racing cars specialized in speed and agility, weaving through the curved tracks of circuits around the world in the Formula 1 World Championship. Today, F1 cars are known for using hybrid power units as their primary source of thrust. In the past, this was not the case, and cars simply used internal combustion engines with a greater number of cylinders. But the new hybrid power units brought on a much more complex system with additional components that work in conjunction with the combustion engine. This brought about the question: did implementing the more complex system of hybrid power units over the already effective, 8 cylinder V8 engines that were in place so far benefit the sport? Analyzing the specifications and resultant performance statistics of traditional V8 engines from before 2014 and the modern hybrid V6 engines from 2014 onwards has provided invaluable insights into the potential of hybrid technology. For this paper, specifications on engine design, such as configuration and dimensions, along with performance data, including horsepower, RPM range, acceleration, lap time, and fuel consumption, were collected for comparison. New technology combining internal combustion with energy recovery and electrical energy as a means of generating power has not only improved overall performance in the long run, but also contributed to the sport’s long term objective of reducing its environmental impacts. Despite initial struggles following the new hybrid power unit regulations set by the FIA, the newer models outperformed the older ones. In the comparative analysis, the newer model was found to produce around 260 more horsepower at a maximum RPM 3,000 lower than its predecessor, and consume around 60 kg less fuel per race through engine design, positively impacting the sport.