BORDERS AS A POLITICAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL PHENOMENON IN THE CONTEXT OF CROSS-BORDER INTERACTIONS

Borders play a key role in shaping political geography and sociocultural interactions. Historically, borders were viewed as physical barriers protecting territorial sovereignty and national interests. However, under the conditions of globalization and changing perceptions of territoriality, borders have transformed into dynamic zones of interaction, where cultural, economic, and political processes intersect. Modern approaches to the study of borders, as demonstrated in the works of Robert Sack and David Newman, emphasize their social construction, which influences the formation of identity and international relations. This paper analyzes the evolution of border concepts and their role in cross-border interactions, with a focus on their significance in the face of global challenges such as migration and integration.