The Effect of Window-to-Wall Ratio on the Energy Performance of Buildings: Comparative Analysis According to Different Glazing Systems and Climate Zones

This study examines the influence of the window-to-wall ratio on building energy performance across various climatic zones in Turkey. Five glazing types were evaluated: standard double glazing, argon-filled double glazing, triple glazing, coated double glazing, and coated argon-filled double glazing. The analysis focused on heat losses across four distinct degree-day zones, with the window-to-wall ratio ranging from 0% to 100%. Results demonstrate a significant correlation between increased window size and energy consumption, particularly in colder regions. Coated double glazing exhibited the highest energy efficiency, while the impact of argon filling was minimal. In cold climates, a fully glazed façade led to a substantial increase in heat loss (55.6 W/m²). This research provides valuable insights for architects and engineers to optimize building designs by considering the window-to-wall ratio and glazing selection in relation to specific climatic conditions.