Multifactorial Determinants of Post-Dialysis Headaches: Insights from a Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Headaches are a frequent complaint among individuals receiving dialysis for end-stage renal disease. This headache could be caused by the vast amount of water and electrolytes that shift. The study aims to figure out the prevalence of post-dialysis headaches (PDH) in Jordanian patients undergoing both peritoneal and hemodialysis, as well as to investigate the factors that may contribute to the development of PDH. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2024 and September 2024 at several tertiary hospitals within Jordan. Data collection involved primary techniques, including patient interviews with structured questionnaires that were filled out during the usual dialysis session. For the remaining medical history and follow-up, patient medical records were used. Results: PDH was reported by 47.3% of patients, with a higher incidence in those who underwent hemodialysis compared to peritoneal dialysis. Significant factors associated with PDH included the patient's age, duration of dialysis, dialysate glucose concentration, and the type of access line (p < 0.05). Furthermore, psychological stress, anxiety, prior migraines, dehydration, and volume overload were linked to increased PDH incidence. However, no significant associations were observed with gender or erythropoietin use. Conclusion: PDH is a prevalent concern in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), especially in those who undergo frequent or prolonged hemodialysis sessions. Managing and optimizing hazards such as stress and dialysate glucose levels can help minimize the incidence of PDH, resulting in increased patient satisfaction.