Parkinson's Disease

<p><em>A prevalent neurodegenerative condition is Parkinson's disease (PD). Although a variety of non-motor symptoms may appear, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity are the usual clinical hallmarks of a movement disorder, with postural instability developing later. Although the exact etiology of Parkinson's disease is unknown, various genetic risk factors and genes that cause uncommon family variants of the disease have recently been identified. Although their exact significance is yet unknown, environmental factors like smoking, caffeine use, and pesticide exposure have been hypothesized to change the chance of developing Parkinson's disease. Intracellular clumps of α-synuclein, known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, are the pathological hallmark of the movement condition, which is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Defective protein clearance pathways, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are some of the processes that have been linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is still unclear how these factors interact.</em></p>