Hematological Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

Abstract Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifestations, including significant hematological abnormalities.Objectives: To evaluate the hematological manifestations in SLE patients attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted at Gauhati Medical College and Hospital from October 1, 2022, to September 30, 2023, including 55 patients diagnosed with SLE as per the 2019 EULAR/ACR criteria. Hematological profiles were analyzed along with correlations to clinical severity and outcomes.Results: Hematological abnormalities were present in 81.8% of patients. Anemia was most common (72.7%), predominantly normocytic normochromic. Leukopenia (32.7%), lymphopenia (58.2%), and thrombocytopenia (30.9%) were also prevalent. Thrombocytopenia severity showed a significant correlation with disease activity (SLEDAI), low complement levels, elevated inflammatory markers, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and treatment outcomes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hematological manifestations are frequent in SLE and are associated with disease activity and prognosis. Early identification and aggressive management of hematological abnormalities, especially thrombocytopenia, may improve outcomes.