Indirect speech acts in speech aggression (based on «Notes of a doctor» by V. V. Veresaev and «Notes of a district surgeon» by D. A. Pravdin)

The work of a doctor involves a daily contact with patients, communication with people who are very different in temperament, level of culture and education. Aggression in communication is sometimes inevitable: a clash of different points of view, a divergence of goals, principles – all this can lead to the manifestation of hostility, enmity, a manner of speech specially used by the addressee that offends someone's self-esteem, dignity. Sometimes, within the walls of hospitals and during the doctor's appointment, the patient provokes, and often resists the prescribed treatment, showing direct aggression, irony, sarcasm, and using various manipulation techniques. However, it is assumed that the situations considered are primarily related to the preservation of the patients’ health and life, therefore both parties should cope with the conflict and not interfere with the provision of treatment. The study of speech aggression in communication between a patient and a doctor, is aimed at solving possible communicative problems. To neutralize conflicts at medical institutions it is important to be aware of the addressee’s communicative and pragmatic intentions, speech aggression is based on, and of the speech means to be used to avoid it. In the course of study, a number of methods have been applied, among them are a descriptive method, contextual and linguo-pragmatic analysis. The research corpus is constituted by the selection of fragments extracted from "Notes of a doctor" by V. V. Veresaev, and "Notes of a district surgeon" by D. A. Pravdin. Both works contain conflict situations between communicants. The main verbal and non-verbal means of speech aggression in dialogues between doctors and patients, as well as between fellow doctors have been identified. The most frequent factors in conflict situations have been determined. Such types of speech aggression as active direct aggression, passive indirect aggression, and implicit aggression have been singled out.