Ontherus appendiculatus

Ontherus appendiculatus (Mannerheim, 1829) Fig. 55B Copris appendiculatus Mannerheim, 1829: 43 (original description). Type locality: Brazil. Name-bearing type: holotype (ZMAS) (Génier 1996), not examined. Copris rotundatus Blanchard, 1846: 181 (original description). Type locality: Argentina: Corrientes, and Uruguay: Montevideo. Name-bearing type: syntypes (MNHN), not examined. Génier (1996) indicated an MNHN specimen from Corrientes as the holotype, but this is incorrect. Blanchard (1846) clearly had more than one specimen in front of him for the description of C. rotundatus ‒ he gave a length range instead of a precise figure (“Long. 9 à 10 millim.”) and cited the examination of material from both Corrientes and Montevideo ‒ and, hence, the name-bearing type cannot be a holotype by monotypy. A holotype by original designation is not the case either, for Blanchard, in the spirit of the time, did not designate a sole specimen as the name-bearing type. Instead of a holotype, the name-bearing type is a series of at least two syntypes, one from each of the two localities mentioned in the original description. Copris polynice Blanchard, 1846: 181 (original description). Type locality: Bolivia: Santa Cruz. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Génier (1996), not examined. Copris quadratus Erichson, 1848: 564 (original description). Type locality: Guyana. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MFNB), designated by Génier (1996), not examined. Ontherus contractus Burmeister, 1874: 127 (original description). Type locality: Argentina: Tucumán. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MACN), designated by Génier (1996), examined by MC. Ontherus appendiculatus – Harold 1869d: 1008 (catalogue, cited for Tijuco). — Bruch 1911: 186 (catalogue, cited for Chaco, Santa Fe, Tucumán); 1915: 541 (catalogue). — Gillet 1911b: 57 (catalogue, cited for Brazil). — Lucas 1920: 459 (catalogue). — Boucomont 1928b: 6 (list). — Luederwaldt 1930: 107 (comments); 1931a: 371 –372, 381–391 (key, distribution, redescription). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 457, 458 (key, redescription, distribution). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list, cited for Brazil). — Blanco 1987: 44 (catalogue). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Escobar 2000: 208 (checklist for Colombia). — Medina et al. 2001: 138 (checklist for Colombia). — Pulido-Herrera et al. 2007: 307 (cited for Andean region of Colombia). — Medina & Pulido-Herrera 2009: 60 (diversity). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 109 (list). — França et al. 2016: 3 (report). — Giraldo et al. 2018: 62 (guide). — Nieto et al. 2020: 136 (report). Ontherus polynice – Harold 1869c: 59 (comments); 1869d: 1008 (catalogue, cited for Bolivia). — Gillet 1911a: 57 (catalogue, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Luederwaldt 1931b: 389 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 458 (monograph, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). Ontherus (Copris) polynice – Harold 1869c: 59 (comments). Ontherus quadratus – Harold 1869c: 59 (comments); 1869d: 1008 (catalogue, cited for Brazil); 1875b: 181 (comments). — Bruch 1911: 187 (catalogue, cited as synonym of Ontherus rotundatus). — Gillet 1911a: 57 (catalogue, cited as synonym of Ontherus appendiculatus). — Luederwaldt 1931a: 389 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 458 (monograph, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). Ontherus rotundatus – Harold 1869c: 59 (comments); 1869d: 1008 (catalogue, cited for Corrientes); 1875b: 181 (comments). — Bruch 1911: 187 (catalogue, cited for Corrientes). — Gillet 1911a: 57 (catalogue, cited as synonym of Ontherus appendiculatus). — Luederwaldt 1931a: 389 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 458 (monograph, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). Copris rotundatus – Burmeister 1874: 127 (comments, cited as Copris rotundata). — Bruch 1911: 187 (catalogue, cited as synonym of Ontherus rotundatus). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). Copris polynice – Bruch 1911: 187 (catalogue, cited as synonym of Ontherus rotundatus). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). Ontherus contractus – Bruch 1911: 187 (catalogue, cited for Tucumán). — Luederwaldt 1931a: 389 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list, cited for Argentina). — Génier 1996: 78 (revision, cited as synonym of O. appendiculatus). Copris appendiculatus – Génier 1996: 78 (revision). Ontherus (Ontherus) appendiculatus – Génier 1996: 78 (revision). — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (checklist for Brazil). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011b: 88 (list). — Hielkema & Hielkema 2019: 56 (catalogue for the Guianas). Material examined VENEZUELA ‒ Táchira • 1 spec.; Libertador, San Joaquín de Navay; 7.7741° N, 71.6675° W; 550 m a.s.l.; Aug 2006; T. Good leg.; CEMT. Distribution Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. Subregions of Venezuela Plains, System of hills and low sierras Lara-Falcón, System of hills and low piedmont mountains of the Guiana Shield, Andes mountains, and Central Coast Mountain Range. Literature records Blanco 1987: 44 (Venezuela: Táchira). — Génier 1996: 78 (Venezuela: Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Bolívar, Carabobo, Distrito Capital, Guárico, Miranda, Monagas, Portuguesa, Tachira and Yaracuy). — França et al. 2016: 4–5 (Venezuela). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 109 (Venezuela: Aragua [Guárico]: Altagracia de Orituco).