Onthophagus curvicornis Latreille 1809

Onthophagus curvicornis Latreille, 1809 Fig. 59B Onthophagus curvicornis Latreille, 1809: 220, pl. 23 fig. 2 (original description). Type locality: Ecuador: Cotopaxi: San Francisco de Las Pampas, 1300‒1500 m. Name-bearing type: neotype (MZUF), designated by Rossini (2021), not examined. Onthophagus minax Kirsch, 1866: 215 (original description). Type locality: Colombia: Cundinamarca: Bogotá. Name-bearing type: lectotype (SMTD), designated by Rossini (2021). Onthophagus laevatus d’Orbigny, 1902: 69 (original description). Type locality: unknown. The lectotype’s provenance label indicates “Delagoa”, i.e., Delagoa Bay, or, as the locality is modernly called, Maputo Bay, in Mozambique, but this is certainly incorrect, as the species is exclusively South American (Rossini 2021). Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Rossini (2021), not examined by us. Onthophagus curvicornis – Harold 1869d: 1028 (catalog, cited for Quito); 1880: 29 (distribution). — Taschenberg 1870: 184 (cited for Loja, Ecuador). — Bates 1886–1890: 66 (distribution). — Campos 1921: 57 (list for Ecuador). — Gillet & Boucomont 1927: 205 (catalogue). — Boucomont 1932: 308, 323 (synopsis, key). — Blackwelder 1944: 211 (list). — Guérin 1953: 262 (list). — Roze 1955: 45 (checklist for Venezuela). — Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 565 (key). — Blanco 1988: 47 (catalogue). — Havranek 1989: 61 (list). — Deloya 1992: 22 (list). — Zunino & Halffter 1997: 161 (classification). — Escobar 2000: 209 (checklist for Colombia). — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (checklist for Brazil). — Medina et al. 2001: 139 (checklist for Colombia); 2002: 182–185 (ecology). — Cancino & Blanco 2002: 120 (list). — Zunino 2003: 71 (cited for Mexico). — Noriega 2004: 40 (checklist for Tinigua Park, Colombia). — Ramírez & Locarno 2004: 61–62 (ecology, list). — Krajcik 2006: 99 (checklist of the world). — Pulido-Herrera & Zunino 2007: 101, 106 (cited as Onthophagus curvicornis var. incensus). — Pulido-Herrera et al. 2007: 307 (cited for Andean region of Colombia). — Orozco & Pérez 2008: 38–39 (list for Colombia). — Concha-Lozada et al. 2010: 43–44, 47–49, 52 (list for Popayán, Colombia). — Carvajal et al. 2011: 322–323 (checklist for Ecuador). — Deloya 2011: 386 (diversity). — Giraldo et al. 2011: 118 (comments). — Cultid-Medina et al. 2012: 39 (guide); 2015: 624 (comments). — Delgado et al. 2012: 331 (list). — Noriega et al. 2012: 43, 46–47 (list for Antioquia, Colombia). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 99–100, 109 (list). — Martínez-Revelo & Lopera-Toro 2014: 65–68 (cited for Nariño department, Colombia). — Pardo-Locarno & Camero 2014: 210, 212‒213, 215 (list for Chocó, Colombia). — Cultid-Medina & Medina 2015: 119‒133, 199, 201, 203 (list, Appendix 8, 11, 13). — Molina et al. 2016: 128–130 (cited for Valle del Cauca, Colombia). — Albuquerque et al. 2017: 211 (cited for Piura, Peru). — Rodríguez 2017: 20–22, 24–26 (biology). — Torres et al. 2017: 48–49, 67 (cited for Boyaca, Colombia). — Villada-Bedoya et al. 2017: 197, 200, 203 (ecology). — Chamorro et al. 2018: 97 (list for Ecuador); 2019: 186 (catalogue for Ecuador). — Giraldo et al. 2018: 104, 111, 132 (guide). — Girón et al. 2018: 83 (comments). — Rossini et al. 2018b: 9 (revision). — Martínez & Morales 2020: 1689 (checklist for the Eastern Andes, Colombia). — Nieto et al. 2020: 136 (report). — Carrión-Paladines et al. 2021: 9–10, 14, 16–17 (ecology). — Rossini 2021: 266 (revision). Onthophagus minax – Harold 1869d: 1028 (cited for Bogotá, cited as synonym of O. curvicornis). — Gillet & Boucomont 1927: 205 (catalogue). — Blackwelder 1944: 211 (list, cited as synonym of O. curvicornis). — Pulido-Herrera & Zunino 2007: 101 (cited as synonym of O. curvicornis). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 186 (catalogue for Ecuador). Onthophagus laevatus – d’Orbigny 1905: 437 (comments); 1913: 174, 640 (key, list). — Peringuey 1908: 587 (redescription). — Gillet & Boucomont 1927: 177 (catalogue). — Ferreira 1972: 666 (cited for Mozambique). — Daniel & Génier 2019: 28 (checklist for Mozambique). Onthophagus (Onthophagus) curvicornis – Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (checklist for Brazil). Material examined VENEZUELA ‒ Bolívar • 1 spec.; El Manteco; 2Aug. 2006; CEMT. ‒ Mérida • 1 ♀; La Muchuy, Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada; 2400 m a.s.l.; 13 Apr. 1995; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sucre, Jají; 08°39′39.05″ N, 71°23′55.85″ W; 2235 m a.s.l.; 8 Apr. 2009; CEMT. ‒ Táchira • 1 ♀; Pregonero, La Honda; 1100 m a.s.l.; 13 Feb. 1989; CEMT. ‒ Trujillo • 1 ♀; Trujillo; no further data; CEMT. ‒ Yaracuy • 1 ♂; Bolívar, Aroa; 10°23′06.1″ N, 68°58′45.45″ W; 1415 m a.s.l.; 19 Jul. 2009; CEMT. ‒ Zulia • 1 ♂; Miranda; 28‒30 Nov. 2005; CEMT. Distribution Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Ecuador, and Peru (Rossini 2021). Subregions of Venezuela System of hills and low sierras Lara-Falcón, Andes mountains, Sierra de San Luis and Cerro Santa Ana, Central Coast Mountain Range, and Oriental Coast Range. Literature records Harold 1880: 29 (Venezuela). — Bates 1886–1890: 66 (Venezuela). — Boucomont 1932: 308, 323 (Venezuela). — Blackwelder 1944: 211 (Venezuela). — Roze 1955: 45 (Venezuela: Distrito Capital and Mérida). — Blanco 1988: 46–47 (Venezuela: Táchira). — Havranek 1989: 61 (Venezuela: Táchira). — Pulido-Herrera & Zunino 2007: 101 (Venezuela). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 109 (Venezuela: Mérida: La Azulita-Jají and Miranda:Altos de Pipe). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 186 (Venezuela). — Rossini 2021: 266 (Venezuela: Aragua, Falcón,, La Guaira, Mérida, Monagas, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo and Zulia).