Leptothorax Mayr 1855

Preliminary key to the known Chinese species of Leptothorax and Temnothorax based on worker caste 1. Median clypeal dorsum weakly longitudinally depressed, without median carina. Antennae 11-segmented (Genus Leptothorax) (Figs 45A, 46A, 47A) ............................................................ 2 – Median clypeal dorsum weakly longitudinally convex, with or without median carina. Antennae usually 12-segmented, rarely 11-segmented then median clypeal dorsum weakly longitudinally convex and with median carina (Genus Temnothorax) (Figs 1A, 3A, 4A) ..................................... 5 2. In lateral view anterior and posterior faces of petiolar node meet at an acute angle, the node is sharply triangular [Palearctic Region: China: Jilin; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Russian Federation (type locality)] (Fig. 44) .................. L. oceanicus (Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1928) – In lateral view anterior and dorsal faces of petiolar node meet at a rounded blunt angle, the node has a distinct, often rounded dorsal plate (Figs 45B, 46B, 47B) ............................................................ 3 3. Tibiae and antennal scape with numerous standing hairs [Nearctic Region: United States. Palearctic & Oriental Regions: China: Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan; Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark (type locality), Estonia, Finland, France (type locality), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Iran, India, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Republic of Korea, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland] (Fig. 45) ................................. ...................................................................................................... L. acervorum (Fabricius, 1793) – Tibiae and antennal scape without standing hairs, with decumbent pilosity only ............................ 4 4. Head dorsum mainly reticulate. In lateral view body dorsum with very sparse suberect hairs. Propodeal spines relatively shorter, shorter than half of declivity. Postpetiolar node not inclining anteriorly. In dorsal view promesonotum finely reticulate. Head and gaster blackish brown [Palearctic Region: China: Xinjiang; Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland (type locality), France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iberian Peninsula, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine] (Fig. 46) ... L. muscorum (Nylander, 1846) – Head dorsum mainly longitudinally rugose. In lateral view body dorsum with abundant suberect hairs. Propodeal spines relatively longer, longer than half of declivity. Postpetiolar node inclining anteriorly. In dorsal view promesonotum coarsely reticulate. Head and gaster black [Palearctic Region: China: Qinghai] (Fig. 47) ............................................................ L. tibeticum Seifert, 2023 5. Antennae 11-segmented [Palearctic Region: China: Hubei; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Japan, Republic of Korea (type locality)] (Fig. 48) ................. T. koreanus (Teranishi, 1940) – Antennae 12-segmented .................................................................................................................... 6 6. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum rounded in lateral view (Figs 49B, 50B) ................................. 7 – Posterodorsal corner of propodeum rightly angled (Figs 19B, 20B), toothed (Figs 27B, 38B) or spined (Figs 23B, 24B) in lateral view ............................................................................................. 8 7. Posterior head margin moderately convex. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum narrowly rounded in lateral view. Petiolar node roughly triangular and without obvious dorsal margin [Oriental Region: China: Hunan, Yunnan] (Fig. 49) ........................................... T. hengshanensis (Huang et al., 2004) – Posterior head margin slightly convex. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum broadly rounded in lateral view. Petiolar node roughly trapezoidal and with obvious dorsal margin [Oriental Region: China: Taiwan (type locality)] (Fig. 50) ..................................................... T. leimu Terayama, 2009 8. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum rightly to bluntly angled in lateral view, if very shortly toothed then the teeth obviously shorter than their basal width .................................................................... 9 – Posterodorsal corner of propodeum toothed or spined in lateral view, the teeth or spines obviously longer than their basal width ........................................................................................................... 18 9. Anterior margin of petiolar node almost straight in lateral view .................................................... 10 – Anterior margin of petiolar node obviously concave in lateral view ............................................. 13 10. Head dorsum smooth on the central longitudinal strip ....................................................................11 – Head dorsum reticulate or reticulate with loose longitudinal rugae on the central longitudinal strip ................................................................................................................................................. 12 11. Head dorsum loosely rugose laterally. Dorsum of mesonotum and propodeum straight in lateral view. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum bluntly angled. Top of petiolar node acute [Palearctic and Oriental Regions: China: Tibet; India (type locality), Pakistan] (Fig. 20) ....................................... .................................................................................................................... T. desioi (Menozzi, 1939) – Head dorsum densely reticulate laterally. Dorsum of mesonotum and propodeum weakly convex in lateral view. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum rightly angled. Top of petiolar node narrowly rounded [Oriental Region: China: Sichuan and Yunnan] (Fig. 19) ......................... T. guyu sp. nov. 12. Head dorsum coarsely reticulate on the central area. Sides of mesosoma coarsely reticulate. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum rightly angled in lateral view. Body color reddish brown, head blackish brown [Palearctic and Oriental Region: China: Tibet, Yunnan] (Fig. 12) ........................ .................................................................................................................................. T. dashu sp. nov. – Head dorsum densely reticulate with loose longitudinal rugae on the central area. Sides of mesosoma finely reticulate. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum bluntly angled in lateral view. Body color light yellow [Oriental Region: China: Sichuan, Yunnan] (Fig. 43) .............................. T. yushui sp. nov. 13. Metanotal groove present and weakly concave in lateral view ...................................................... 14 – Metanotal groove absent in lateral view ......................................................................................... 15 14. Head dorsum almost smooth on the central longitudinal strip. Mesopleura reticulate. Petiolar node relatively shorter in lateral view, about 1.5 times as long anterior peduncle. Body color blackish brown [Oriental Region: China: Guangxi (type locality)] (Fig. 9) ................................................... .......................................................................................................... T. maoerensis Zhou et al., 2010 – Head dorsum densely reticulate on the central longitudinal strip. Mesopleura densely punctate. Petiolar node relatively longer in lateral view, about twice as long as anterior peduncle. Body color brownish yellow [Oriental Region: China: Sichuan, Yunnan] (Fig. 8) ................ T. chushu sp. nov. 15. Head dorsum wholly smooth [Oriental Region: China: Yunnan] (Fig. 6) ........................................ .............................................................................................................................. T. chunfen sp. nov. – Head dorsum coarsely or finely longitudinally rugose on the central area ..................................... 16 16. Head dorsum coarsely longitudinally rugose on the central area. Dorsum of pronotum longitudinally rugose. Dorsum of mesonotum and propodeum weakly convex in lateral view [Palearctic and Oriental Regions: China: Beijing, Guangxi, Yunnan; Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Japan (type locality), Republic of Korea, Russian Federation] (Fig. 7) ............................................. ................................................................................................................... T. congruus (Smith, 1874) – Head dorsum finely longitudinally rugose on the central area. Dorsum of pronotum finely reticulate. Dorsum of mesonotum and propodeum straight in lateral view ..................................................... 17 17. Head dorsum without punctate sculpture between the longitudinal rugae on the central area. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum more acutely angled in lateral view. Petiolar node relatively shorter with narrowly rounded dorsum. Body color black [Oriental Region: China: Yunnan] (Fig. 22) ................................................................................................................. T. jingzhe sp. nov. – Head dorsum densely punctate between the longitudinal rugae on the central area. Posterodorsal corner of propodeum rightly angled in lateral view. Petiolar node relatively longer with broadly rounded dor