Prevalence of HBV and HCV with Increase of some Cytokines among Pregnant Women in Thi-Qar Governorate

Background: Viral hepatitis, caused by HBV and HCV, poses significant health risks during pregnancy, affecting maternal and neonatal outcomes. Understanding the immunological and demographic predictors of these infections is crucial for improving clinical care. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among pregnant women in the Thi-Qar governorate and analyse the association between these infections and elevated cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics. Blood samples were collected and analysed using molecular detection techniques to identify HBV and HCV infections. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA, and data were statistically evaluated to identify predictors of cytokine dysregulation. Results: HBV and HCV infections were detected in 5% and 1.5% of participants, respectively, with 0.5% co-infected cases. Significant elevations in IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 were observed in infected individuals, with the highest levels in co-infected participants. Regression analysis identified HBV, HCV, and co-infections as key predictors of cytokine elevation, emphasising the compounded immunological burden in co-infections. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical need for antenatal screening, public health interventions, and targeted immunological strategies to mitigate the impact of viral hepatitis during pregnancy in the Thi-Qar governorate.