Adaptive Learning and Individualized Education Programs: Supporting Students with Multiple Disabilities and Health Conditions

Abstract: Students with multiple disabilities and health impairments (MDHI) face significant educational barriers that require carefully developed Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). This study explores best practices for designing IEPs that foster inclusive, adaptive learning environments. Utilizing a qualitative systematic review of 20 peer-reviewed articles from 2014 to 2024, this research identifies effective strategies in IEP development, collaborative team efforts, adaptive instructional design, and use of assistive technologies. The findings reveal that a holistic, person-centered IEP that incorporates medical, educational, and social perspectives significantly improves engagement and academic outcomes for MDHI students. Implications for educators and policymakers are discussed to promote equitable learning experiences. Keywords: Individualized Education Program, multiple disabilities, health impairments, adaptive learning, inclusive education