In-Depth In-Silico Functional, And Structural Screening Of IL-4 Gene Variants Linked with Pink Eye Infection

Conjunctival inflammation affects millions globally and can be triggered by microbial infections, allergens, or genetic factors. This study focuses on specific SNPs in the IL-4 gene, linked to pink eye susceptibility. Using In-Silico tools, 15 SNPs were identified as potentially damaging to IL-4 protein, with the R139G, A118G, R112C, and R139W variants showing probable damage on high RMSD values, as highlighted by SAVESV6.1. Structural analysis using HOPE predicted that the R139W mutation may be structurally bigger than the IL-4 wild type, while other variants were damaging to protein stability and function. Molecular docking studies with PyRx screened 25 small molecules for interactions with IL-4. Compounds such as Ioniflavone, Meridine, Palbociclib, Pyranoamentoflavone, Ramipril, and Tetracycline demonstrated strong binding affinities with IL-4, suggesting potential therapeutic efficacy. Visualization through Discovery Studio revealed differences in residue interactions, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophilic interactions between the wild-type and mutant forms, indicating that these SNPs could alter IL-4 structure and binding. These findings suggest that genetic variants in IL-4 may play a role in pink eye susceptibility and open avenues for developing targeted therapies. Their potential in targeting IL-4-related pathways further supports their use in addressing the immune component of conjunctivitis. However, each compound would require further clinical and pharmacological evaluation to confirm efficacy and safety for ophthalmic use. Further laboratory and clinical studies are essential to validate these results and explore personalized treatments for pink eye based on IL-4 genetic profiles.