Polistes (Onerarius) carnifex

Polistes (Onerarius) carnifex (Fabricius, 1775) (Figs 81, 82) Vespa carnifex Fabricius, 1775: 365, ♀, ♂. Diagnosis. Female. Body pigmentation yellowish to light brown. Wing pigmentation reddish to brown. Very robust size, more than 30 mm in total length. Clypeus slightly wider than long or as long as wide, bristles, in the entire length or only in the lower region, but short bristles at its base becoming long toward the apex, punctures medium-sized, deep present only in the apical region, apex pointed, clypeus-eye in contact for a width smaller than the diameter of the antennal socket or be slightly separated; gena width at midlength equal to or slightly wider than eye; occipital carina strong, extending to middle eye level; humeri slightly projecting; mesepisternum with short and dense bristles, medium and deep punctation small; propodeal concavity widely extended in the center, propodeal striae strong in the center and weak on the sides; tergum I longer than wide, with short and dense bristles, and weak, small, and shallow punctures; tergum II wider or as wide as long, with short and dense bristles, weakly punctate. Male. Similar to females, except that clypeus is separated from the eye. Material examined. 20♀, 2♂ in total. Brazil: Alagoas, 1♀ (AMNH); Mato Grosso, 1♀ (AMNH), 13♀ (NHM); Minas Gerais, 1♀ (AMNH); Pará, 1♂ (AMNH); Paraná, 2♀ (NHM); Rio de Janeiro, 2♀ (AMNH); Rio Grande do Sul, 1♀ (NHM), 1♀ (CESC); São Paulo, 1♂ (MZSP). Distribution. Brazil: Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo; USA; Mexico; Belize; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Panama; Colombia; Guyana; Suriname; Ecuador; Peru; Paraguay; Argentina. Comments. There are three subspecies; two occur in Brazil: P. carnifex carnifex (Fabricius) and P. carnifex rufipennis Latreille.