An Examination of the Limits of Multilateral Diplomacy: Negotiation, Mediation and Peace Agreement in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine War. A Conceptual Analysis.

Abstract This study was intended to develop a new conceptual framework for the conflict governance and peacebuilding through the examination of the limits of multilateral diplomacy: negotiation, mediation and peace agreement in the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. Case study design was adopted with thematic analysis for data analysis. From the study outcome, the new conceptual framework suggested that when negotiation, mediation and peace agreement are in action, it would influence the Russo-Ukraine conflict drivers. The framework also showed that sustainable peace/conflict rest on the multilateral diplomacy in action and the conflict drivers. This is a reverse reaction where ineffective/effective action of multilateral diplomacy to bring Russo-Ukraine war to an end would deescalate or escalate conflict through the same limitations. Potential intervention suggested from the study findings include: Open communication, understanding power dynamics, historical, cultural, economic, and political relevance, avoidance of isolation of actors to conflict, establishment of hegemonic leader, impartiality on diplomatic engagement, willingness and commitment to implement peace agreement and joint cooperation from all parties to dispute. Keywords: Multilateral diplomacy, negotiation, mediation, peace agreement, conflict