Micro Inverted Pyramid Formation in Titanium Dioxide Layer by Pulsed Laser Irradation to Improve Electron Transport in MAPBI3-based Photovoltaic Devices

This study is aimed to enhance the performance of MAPbI3-based photovoltaic devices by forming micro inverted pyramid structures using a 1064 nm pulsed laser on the electron transport layer (ETL). These microstructures enhance the hydrophobicity of the ETL, promoting the crystallization of the perovskite layer during the spin coating deposition process. This results in enhanced electron transport and, consequently, improved overall device efficiency. The electrical and hydrophobic properties of the ETL have been investigated in several batches of n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells fabricated using this method. One set of solar cells featuring micro inverted pyramid structures created with varying laser power levels, and another set following the conventional manufacturing process. The samples were analyzed at different deposition stages using a semiconductor characterization system and spectroscopic ellipsometry to evaluate their resistivity and optical characteristics. Additionally, the photovoltaic performance of the devices was simulated using SCAPS-1D software to further assess their electrical parameters and power conversion efficiencies.