The Impact of Islamic Values on the Army and Its Military Discipline Until the End of the Umayyad Period (Adherence to the Orders of Prophet Muhammad, Peace Be Upon Him, as a Model)

Aims: The study aims to shed light on the impact of Islamic values on the army and military discipline until the end of the Umayyad period. Methodology: In order to achieve the aims of the study, the descriptive and analytical methodology was adopted by focusing on the authenticity of the narratives since they are closely related to the life of the Prophet (PBUH). Therefore, it was necessary to verify the authenticity of these narrations by tracing them in the Hadith books and comparing them with the books of biography (Sira) and history. Results: The study showed that the Muslims' adherence to the orders of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) led to remarkable results and significant victories over the polytheists. One example is the Battle of Badr, where Muslims' adherence to the Prophet’s orders was evident. Other example is the Battle of the Trench (Ghazwat al-Khandaq), where the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) devised a well-planned strategy to face the polytheists from Mecca and their allies, who were more than 10,000 fighters. The adherence to the Prophet’s plan, which included digging a trench around Medina to block the vulnerable areas where the polytheists could infiltrate, led to a decisive and remarkable victory for the Muslims. This adherence to the Prophet’s commands had major consequences in this battle, just as it did in other military campaigns led by the Prophet (PBUH).