Clinical significance of interleukin 10, interleukin 33, and interleukin 35 on induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia patients

Abstract Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been linked to immunological disorders. The immunological milieu associated with AML is still debated, particularly regarding interleukins (IL) linked to T regulatory cells dysregulation and apoptosis. Till now, IL33 has not been studied in AML patients on induction chemotherapy or correlated with AML immunophenotypic markers. This study aimed to investigate the levels of IL10, IL33, and IL35 as possible follow-up markers in AML patients at diagnosis and after chemotherapy induction and to correlate their levels with AML immunophenotypic markers. Patients and methods In this study, newly diagnosed AML patients were followed up from diagnosis till complete remission or death, and levels of IL10, IL33, and IL35 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results revealed that IL10 and IL35 levels were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed AML patients in comparison to the control group ( P >0.001). After chemotherapy induction, IL10 and IL35 levels in complete remission in AML patients were significantly reduced ( P >0.001). The results of this study reveal, for the first time, a statistically significant association between IL33 level and CD13 prognostic marker. Conclusion In conclusion, IL10 and IL35 are recommended as follow-up markers in AML patients on induction chemotherapy. In addition, IL10 and IL35 could be related to AML disease progression and clinical outcomes after induction chemotherapy. Moreover, IL33 was correlated with CD13 and could be a novel promising marker in AML.