The Geographical Analysis of Land Hajj Routes in Iraq and Their Economic Dimensions

Aims: The current research aimed to clarify the ancient land pilgrimage routes (Darb Sayyida Zubaydah, Darb Al-Hanaif and Darb Al-Zubair), as well as reviewing the specifications and extensions of modern Hajj routes in Karbala, Najaf and Muthana. The study also aimed to clarify the number of pilgrims and Umrah performers who take land routes for the years (2010-2023), as well as drawing maps showing their extensions. Finally, it aimed to highlight the role of pilgrimage routes and their economic dimensions in Iraq. Methodology: The current study adopted the historical approach in tracking the old caravan routes historically. The study also relied on the descriptive and analytical approach in clarifying the specifications of the modern roads and the economic dimensions of each road. Results: Results: After analyzing the data of the study, the results showed that the geographical location of Iraq adjacent to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia contributed to the multiplicity of land pilgrimage routes linking the two countries, old and new from several governorates, starting from the capital Baghdad to the province of Basra.