Μεταβολικές ανεπιθύμητες ενέργειες των αντιψυχωτικών φαρμάκων

This thesis aims to list in-depth scientific research of the available literature in order to highlight the metabolic side effects that occur during the use of treatment with antipsychotic drugs. The characteristics, action, mechanisms, indications, contraindications and actions of antipsychotic drugs are extensively analyzed, following the bellow hierarchy. Initially, the introduction presents the purpose of the thesis and a first insight into the specific knowledge field. Then follows the first chapter, which includes the historical review of the course of antipsychotic drugs. Details and figures of the drugs are presented depending on the season. In the second chapter, the characteristics of the main mental illnesses that the scientific branch is called upon to deal with are analyzed as indications. Specifically, the mental illnesses analyzed are schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder and psychotic depression. Then in the third chapter the categorization of antipsychotic drugs into typical or first generation (FGA) and atypical or second generation (SGA) is carried out, based on the time that they were used. The older drugs are called typical because they were used from the 1950s to about the 1970s, while the newer second- and third-generation drugs are called atypical with a period of use after the 1970s. However, the above categorization is not clear as some drugs refer to approximately the same era of use. In this chapter, the characteristics, action and side effects of the drugs that make up the typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs are presented in detail. Then, in the fourth chapter, the mechanism of action of each category of drugs is listed, and in the fifth chapter, the general actions caused are presented. More specifically, extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), hyperprolactinemia, anticholinergic side effects, tardive dyskinesia and malignant neuroleptic syndrome (NMS) are developed. The last and main chapter is the sixth chapter, in which the actions in the metabolic profile of the patients are shown. According to research that were conducted, the most important side effects are hyperglycemia, hyperprolactinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, weight gain, obesity, insulin resistance, thyroid gland disorders, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Finally, the conclusions follow in which certain guidelines are recommended, where according to the literature they are the first line of support for patients with the aim of limiting adverse side effects and examining unpleasant results such as mortality and the comorbidity of mental and pathological diseases.