PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING OF LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES IN MOROCCO

Teaching of Life and Earth Sciences (LES) at the secondary level in Morocco, according to the Moroccan curriculum, aims to develop scientific knowledge, methodological and empirical capacities, as well as values and skills. However, the results of international assessments (TMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study), PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) reveal that the level of Moroccan students is low compared to students from other countries, and that 69% of them do not have the required skills in science. In addition, several studies have shown that the integration of new technologies into teaching and learning processes with adequate conditions has a remarkable impact. In order to pedagogically innovate Life and Earth Sciences (LES) teaching practices and contribute to the development of the required scientific skills among learners, our research aims to help teachers and designers of digital resources to develop disciplinary teaching and learning according to a well-defined roadmap. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was developed and sent to 200 teachers from the different regional academies of education and training in the Kingdom of Morocco. We also evaluated 5 official digital resources using an evaluation grid. The analysis of the results showed that there is a low use of official resources, the evaluation of which showed that they do not develop the required scientific skills, and that the design of these digital resources must target the multi-level and multi-type, in order to make the technological tool a vector of pedagogical innovation for the classroom practices of LES teachers in Morocco.