Effect of the 5A self-care model on chronic diseases in Iran: A systematic review

The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing worldwide, and people in every country and age group are affected by these diseases. Self-management is an effective strategy for empowering people with chronic conditions. This systematic review aimed to investigate the application of the self-management program based on the 5A model in chronic diseases in Iran. The systematic search was performed across the databases Scopus, PubMed, Magiran, SID, Irandoc, and Google Scholar using the keywords self-management, 5A, 5As, 5A’s, 5A model, 5A program, Iran, and chronic disease in both Persian and English from 1990 to January 16, 2024. In total, 2596 articles were found. Twenty-three eligible articles were reviewed, 17 were clinical trials, and 6 were quasi-experimental studies. Most of the studies were conducted on patients with high blood pressure and diabetes and investigated the effect of the 5A model on patients’ quality of life. The studies showed that the 5A model positively impacted people with chronic diseases. Since many studies have demonstrated that self-management based on the 5A model can positively impact people with chronic diseases in Iran, policymakers should pay extra attention to the 5A model. This model should be used in caring for people with chronic conditions, and nurses should implement it to educate people with chronic diseases. Also, it is recommended that all aspects of this model be examined by combining it with new methods such as telehealth.